Excerpts

After adjustment for confounders, no significant associations are observed between sodium intake quartiles and incidence of diabetes complications and mortality, except for a significant trend for an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy ( p = 0.039).

Further analysis showed a trend toward a higher detection rate of Lactobacillus in the experimental group than in the control group ( p = 0.039).

0.25), corresponding to a nominally significant association (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.05–2.67; p = 0.039).

For bread products there was borderline significant evidence ( p < 0.04) that reformulation of private-label products was greater than for branded products.

Further exploratory analysis revealed that four-week consumption of PS128 showed a trend to reduce the scores for body and object use ( P = 0.04; Table 3 ). 3.2.3.

However, this difference did not reach statistical significance after correcting for multiple comparisons ( p = 0.040, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons p ≤ 0.025).

Associations differed between the group that received B-vitamin supplementation and the group that did not ( Table 2 ), more specifically, interaction terms with treatment were significant or tended towards significance for MMA and grey matter ( p = 0.04), MMA and total brain volume ( p = 0.10), and Hcy and total brain volume ( p = 0.10).

Three studies showed a significant or nearly significant trend towards a decrease in nuclear cataract risk with increased duration of multivitamin/mineral supplementation ( p = 0.04, p = 0.02, and p = 0.08, respectively) [ 8 , 10 , 19 ].

Although the correlation is weakly significant, calcemia seems to increase with low-birth-weight newborns ( p < 0.04), in low length at birth ( p = 0.047), in preterm infants ( p = 0.04), and, among them, in the ones with lower gestational age ( p = 0.03). 3.2.3.

Measurements in liver tissue showed a marginally statistically significant difference between the control and stevia groups ( p = 0.04); however, restoration of the MDA measurements was up to 85% for the leaf-extract-treated diseased animals.

Treatment with Synbiotic 2000TM led to a highly significant reduction in number of chest infections (4/26 patients—15%) compared to peptide diet (11/26 patients—42%, p < 0.04), glutamine treatment (11/32 patients—34%, p < 0.03) and only fiber treatment (12/29 patients—41%, p < 0.002) [ 61 ].

Statistically significant differences were not found except for a borderline significance in fish consumption two or three times a week ( p < 0.04) for undernourished children, and dairy product consumption with a frequency of two or more times a day ( p < 0.03) in obese children.

A significant positive association between HDL-cholesterol and PTH ( R = 0.56; p = 0.001), as well as a negative and modestly significant negative association between LDL-cholesterol and PTH ( R = −20.0; p = 0.04) were observed.

A significant trend for greater odds of being overweight has been reported in participants with serum creatine levels in the fourth quartile than in the first three quartiles ( p = 0.04).

In addition, there was a significant trend ( p = 0.04) of increasing TSH with increasing lactation duration. 4.

Still, whole grain pasta (5.9%, p = 0.0063), fish and shellfish (5.9%, p = 0.0063), processed meat (5.9%, p = 0.0063), and eggs (5.9%, p = 0.0063) were significant contributors, with lean meat also approaching significance (5.9%, p = 0.0410).

The opposite was observed with German tourist pressure, which showed a borderline significant positive association ( β = 0.0092, p = 0.042).

In the MCI group, the chi-squared tests that were conducted before the individual OR comparisons showed nearly significant differences among the three folate tertiles in the crude analysis ( p = 0.042), adjusted model 1 ( p = 0.031), and adjusted model 2 ( p = 0.037).

Interestingly, only men displayed a marginally significant linear trend ( p = 0.042), with a decrease of dislike of salty solution towards the third measurement (F(1.35,20.33) = 5.57, partial ɳ 2 = 0.27, p = 0.020; Table 4 ), which was also found to be significant in the linear mixed model ( p = 0.007; Table 6 ). 3.3.3.

The risk for ICU admission showed marginal significance (weighted IRR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01–1.79, p = 0.0424), but this difference was not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons.

In a pooled meta-analysis, the CC genotype showed a nominally significant, hypothesis-generating signal with obesity risk ( p = 0.043).

In this sensitivity analysis, the mADF group showed a nominally significant association with lower REE values compared with the MedDiet group ( p = 0.045).

Concurrent Validity SNAQ total score showed a decreasing trend with increasing social frailty (15.96 vs. 15.56 vs. 15.18, p = 0.045), physical frailty (15.94 vs. 15.61 vs. 14.50, p > 0.05) and depressive symptoms (15.84 vs. 15.07, p > 0.05) ( Table 5 ).

The mixed model analysis showed that the effect of treatment on HRSD scores may have varied over time, according to the interaction between treatment and time, which may have been marginally significant (F = 2.405, df = 5, 74.824, p = 0.045).

The time × group interaction was marginally statistically significant in total blood cholesterol (β = −17.06; 95% CI: −33.29 to −0.83; p = 0.045), suggesting that the effect of the intervention was more beneficial in Group 2.