Excerpts

An increasing trend in the availability of biscuits/cakes/wafers with over 2% of TFA was observed in all investigated countries.

A borderline significant association was found in the Study on osteoporotic fractures in women [ 23 ].

For the 9 subscales, the treatment group improved significantly more than the non-treatment group on four of them (Written Skills, Domestic Skills, Interpersonal Relationships, Coping Skills) and marginally significant greater improvement on three others (Receptive Skills and Expressive Skills, and Community Skills), but no significant difference in Personal Daily Living Skills or Play/Leisure Skills—see Figure 7 .

Vegetable intake (10 oz) was shown to be a significant parameter in the GR LOO model, whereas the interaction of MTHFR 677 with overweight BMI) was approaching significance with a p value of 0.059.

Moreover, a fairly significant correlation has been found between oxidative DNA damage in the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) and increased intraocular pressure and visual field defects in glaucoma patients [ 37 ].

Here we have shown improved episodic memory performance in delayed word recognition and marginally significant improved visuo-spatial Corsi Block performance at 3, but not 6, months following intervention alongside a lowering of systolic blood pressure at both time points.

Though our visuo-spatial findings here did not quite reach significance, beneficial effects of blueberry supplementation on visuo-spatial memory in aging rats is well documented (for example [ 9 , 25 ]), and polyphenol-rich chronic interventions with procyanidins have previously shown positive visuo-spatial benefits for older adults [ 26 , 27 ].

Additionally, the number of total newborns and live newborns showed an increasing trend in the daidzein group.

There was a decreasing trend in both SIRT1 and PPAR-α expression levels in the IDH2 FRU mice compared to the other groups, which is also in agreement with phenotypes (i.e., Figure 1 E).

Following two weeks intervention, the change from baseline of the global score in the 8 g/day dose polydextrose group compared to the placebo showed a numerical trend towards improvement, which after 4-weeks intervention was significantly different ( Table 3 ).

We did not find a positive trend of WMA after 6 months of age calling into question the validity of the skim milk studies.

Models for Māori and non-Māori showed a trend towards increasing serum vitamin B 12 concentration with an increase in vitamin B 12 intake increased but was not statistically significant. 3.7.

They showed that the PNPLA3 I148M genetic variant was strongly associated with increased liver fat content, and that the association remained highly significant after adjusting for BMI, diabetes, ethanol intake, and global and local ancestry.

At 7 years, an increase in the risk of asthma in the LGG group compared with placebo group was observed; however, this difference was of a borderline significance (RR 3.51 (1.00, 12.30)).

On the other hand, median percentage energy from starch had an increasing trend. 3.3.

For all other AAs the increase of the FAA/TAA ratio was more gradual but also reached significance, or at least showed a trend, when regression coefficient analyses were performed over the entire study period ( Table 4 ).

Discussion The major new finding in this study in obese and non-obese subjects with prediabetes or normal glucose tolerance was a highly significant and clinically relevant acute reduction in postprandial insulin and C-peptide responses on a diet reduced in carbohydrate and increased in protein and fat.

Although MPE, at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL, showed a trend to ameliorate the H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity in BV-2 cells, only MPE at a concentration of 25 μg/mL significantly increased the cell viability of H 2 O 2 -treated BV-2 cells, by 18.6%.

Flesh extract showed an increasing trend as the dosing concentration increased from 4.46 μg/mL to 142.86 μg/mL, particularly when the cells were stimulated with MDP, but no significant difference was observed relative to the control.

Highly significant reductions of cholesterolemia were observed in subjects receiving the bars with lupin protein + cellulose, or casein + apple pectin, or pea protein + oat fiber or apple pectin [ 54 ]. 2.3.

The associations of other black tea flavonoids such as thearubigins and theaflavin and its derivatives with overall gut microbiota variations approached significance ( Table 1 and Table 2 ).

A single multicenter trial was conducted using talactoferrin in 750–1500 g neonates, which examined 120 infants and showed a trend towards decreased infectious morbidity but did not achieve statistical significance [ 125 ] ( Table 1 ).

A meta-analysis that evaluated the effects of vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy on multiple outcomes related to maternal, perinatal, and infant health showed that the overall effects of vitamin A on small for gestational age (SGA) and very low birth weight (<2.0 kg) were null, and that for low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was null but with a trend towards significance [ 3 ].

Both groups showed reduction in the severity of diarrhoea on day two ( p < 0.001) while, all outcomes showed a trend to be better in the ORS + Lr&Z group, without reaching statistical significance, probably due to the relatively small number of patients.

This result is in contrast with the majority of the data that reported a negative trend in MD adherence with age [ 10 , 11 ].