Excerpts

In this study, BC consumption decreased TNF-α concentrations in aged mice but not in young mice, though this effect was only moderately significant.

In this case, an increase in weight with borderline significance was shown.

Moreover, two recent meta-analyses that were specifically planned to evaluate the hypothesis that variations in the gut microbiota could explain or be used to predict obesity status in humans did not find a clear trend between the F/B ratio and obesity.

NCGS showed a Marsh 1 grade in the 68.2%, versus the 41.5% in the other group, with a p = 0.07, close to significance.

There seems to be an increasing trend, but standard deviations are too large to draw that conclusion.

In the present analysis, a non-significant inverse correlation between abdominal muscle CSA and age, and a highly significant correlation between abdominal muscle PDFF and age in women, could be observed.

reported an increasing trend in the calculated vitamin C intake for vegetable consumption, but not for fruit consumption [ 7 ].

Regarding the average time taken for investigation of the outbreaks, there was a decreasing trend after 2008 and 2009.

Children of mothers with some university level education were less likely to have a free sugars intake ≥ 10% of EER (PR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98), while the association with being in the top tertile of free sugars intake just failed to reach significance (PR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68–1.01). 3.6.

The Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) reported an increasing trend in free sugars intakes from 2–3 years of age throughout childhood, peaking in adolescence and then declining gradually through adulthood [ 8 ].

However, it is notable that in the present experiment, urinary bile acids correlated with urinary FRAP and total phenol antioxidant levels and showed a trend for correlation with urinary cortisol:cortisone ratios.

Rosmarinic acid administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg to ovariectomized rats did not affect the estradiol and progesterone concentrations in comparison with the ovariectomized control rats, whereas after administration of rosmarinic acid at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the concentration of estradiol showed an increasing trend.

In our study, the intake of three or more dairy products per day was inversely associated with hypertension with a statistically significant trend for the dairy serving consumption, and although this association was only close to being significant after removing those subjects with known diabetes from the analysis, the observed trend remained significant.

Significance was declared at p < 0.05, and a tendency towards significance was declared at p ≤ 0.10. 3.

We report highly significant relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings, with BMI increasing with age, whilst cravings for fatty food decreased, and UE and EE decreased with age, in agreement with earlier studies [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].

Studies were deemed ‘unclear’ if: (1) B12 status did not differ significantly between study groups, or (2) non-specific interventions were used that could obscure the potential effect of B12, or (3) >50% of statistical tests for oxidative stress did not reach significance, but showed an overall trend towards improvement, or (4) ≥50% of statistical tests for oxidative stress were significant, but at least one was significant against the oxidant properties of B12. 3.

Despite an increasing trend toward eating out, many US adults, especially women, continue to cook at home.

Overall, an increasing trend was observed for the total phenolics in fermented PJs, especially with P. pentosaceus CILSWE5 (ca. 71%), whereas a significant ( p < 0.05) decrease (ca. 18%) was found in CA-PJ, see Table 2 . 3.4.

p value < 0.05 were regarded statistically significant while p value < 0.01 were extremely significant. 3.

The RAGE expression in hyperoside- and 2′′-O-acetylvitexin-treated groups exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figure 2 b).

In any case, the limitation of lipolysis by insulin was minimal (at the limit of significance in Figure 1 C, and absent in Figure 2 B) under the in vitro conditions tested.

In infancy, there is an increasing trend to introduce a second-stage semi-solid weaning protein substitute (WPS) but there is concern that this may not meet energy requirements.

A decreasing trend of physical activity across soft drink consumption levels was observed, although not statistically significant.

Partly in contrast, high amylose resistant starch supplementation reduced serum IS and showed a trend towards a reduction of p-CS in HD patients [ 52 ].

Moreover, MCD rats showed a decreasing trend of Total SFA, MUFA and PUFA in comparison with control groups, reaching significance with regard to the Total SFA.