“an overall trend”

When analysing the VAS scores at different time points, an overall trend of decreasing pain levels was observed in both groups, as indicated by the significant p-values (p = 0.000 for both groups) from the Friedman test.

A formal test for trend using ordinal measures (derived from quartile cut-points) supported an overall trend for increasing creatinine (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.26–1.60; p=2.74×10 -7 ) and UACR (HR: 1.55; 1.37–1.74; p=1.18×10 -12 ) and decreasing serum albumin (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.92; p=0.0005) and eGFR (HR: 0.71; 0.63–0.81; p=1.07×10 -7 ) to be associated with risk for all-cause mortality.

In the perfused and watershed segments, RPU measurements showed an overall trend of increased perfusion to the mesenteric side of the bowel compared to the antimesenteric side ( p < 0.00001 in perfused/watershed regions) (Fig. 3 b).

There was an overall trend for fish to show decreased Sr/Ca from larval to adult stages (paired t test, p < .00001), consistent with an amphidromous‐like lifestyle involving an larval downstream migration (Figure 2 ).

There was an overall trend toward selection of quit dates earlier in the week (Sunday–Tuesday) compared to later in the week (Wednesday–Saturday) ( p < 0.0001); however, Thursdays did not significantly differ from Sundays–Tuesdays for quit date selection ( Fig. 3 ).

There was an overall trend of SLCV sequences being more genetically similar when sampled closer together (r = 0.41, p = 0.0001).

Furthermore, we found significant positive correlations with estimated zinc deficiency prevalence (p-value < 0.05) for five of the eleven GWAS SNPs, including variants in SLC39A4, SLC30A8, SLC30A2, DPEP1 , and RB1/RCBTB2 ( Fig 5A and Table F in S1 File), supporting an overall trend that zinc-increasing alleles correlate with estimated zinc deficiency (one-sided binomial test p-value = 1.12E-04).

There was an overall trend towards decreased mortality surge (30%, 15%, 16%, 15%, 9% for S1-S5 respectively, p < .0005) and decreased need for ventilation (27%, 13%, 13%, 14%, 7% for S1-S5 respectively, p < .0005) as the pandemic progressed ( Table 1 ).

Remarkably, the involvement of a higher number of canonical pathways was observed in the retina of mice administered with ω-3 PUFA, regardless of the genotype, with an overall trend of activation, as evidenced by the positive z-scores of three major pathways comprising the opioid signalling pathway ( p = 5.09 × 10 −4 ; z-score = 2.0) in the KO group, and the sirtuin ( p = 5.96 × 10 −3 ; z-score = 2.0) and nitric oxide signalling pathways ( p = 2.19 × 10 −4 ; z-score = 1.0) in the floxed group.

Similarly, when we examined the proportion of individuals in each of the four groups who had levels above the two cutpoints in clinical use (0.3 and 2.0), we observed an overall trend toward a greater number of people above the cutpoint as AKI status went from 0/3 to 3/3 (P < 0.001 for overall trend; Figure 3 ).

However, we noted an overall trend for increased publication for allopathic senior authors (p=0.001), allopathic first authors with a dual degree (p=0.003) and allopathic senior authors with a dual degree (p=0.005).

Nonetheless, a density histogram of all structures shows an overall trend to a small volume decrease in Sarm1 KO mice (Fig. 3 F, red curve, all structures mean= − 0.98% ± 0.32%, p < 0.001).

There was an overall trend indicating an increased risk of preeclampsia in women with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with sufficient levels, but the findings did not reach statistical significance p -value<0.001 (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.89–1.76, I 2 = 86.7%;, random-effect).

All three datasets included both younger and older students, though there were fewer students in the youngest age-group in the 2014 survey compared to the 2010 and 2018 surveys. Trends in HSCL-25 score across survey years Overall, an increase in self-reported psychological distress was observed between each time point from 2010 to 2018 (treating time as a categorical variable) and as an overall trend (treating time as continuous variable) (all p < 0.001).

On the other hand, when correcting for gestational age, in the preterm babies an overall trend of diminishing the percentile was found for all three features ( p < 0.001 in all cases).

23 - 26 We are also the first to describe the trend in glycemic control over five consecutive years, with an overall trend towards improvement in the percentage of patients achieving target HbA 1c from 35.2% in 2012 to 39.2% in 2016 ( p < 0.001).

In contrast, TCI usage showed an overall trend over time (P < 0.001), but no significant differences were observed in comparisons between any two specific months.

ANOVA analysis revealed an overall trend significance of p < 0.001.

As expected from earlier SAR work on this series, 6 , 7 , 8 there was a good overall correlation between the MABA and LORA MIC 90 values for the compounds: (1) l o g MABA = 0.98 ∗ l o g LORA - 0.08 n = 58 , R = 0.85 , p < 0.001 , F 2 , 56 = 144 Also, as expected, there was a reasonable correlation between inhibitory activity (illustrated here for MABA data) and compound lipophilicity, with the more lipophilic compounds being more potent; an overall trend repeatedly seen in other classes of TB drugs. 12 , 13 (2) logMABA = - 0.50 ∗ c l o g P + 1.97 n = 58 , R = 0.71 , P < 0.001 , F 2 , 56 = 55 However, this overall correlation masks a trend seen to some extent previously, 8 that for this general class of compound, MIC 90 potency falls off quite sharply for compounds (e.g., 3 , 8 , 16 , 18 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 42 , 44 , 52 ) of lower lipophilicity (clogP values around 4 or below).

Radwan et al., 2021 reported an overall trend towards healthier eating during lockdown according to an increase in the self-reported quality and healthiness of food ( p < 0.001), a higher median ‘food quality score’ ( p < 0.001), and increased ratings of eating healthy food as very good/excellent ( p < 0.001), alongside increases in three markers of healthy eating ( p < 0.001), and decreases in three markers of unhealthy eating ( p < 0.001) in the presence of a decrease in one marker of healthy eating ( p < 0.001).

However, an overall trend of significant increase (χ 2 =418.9887, p<0.001) from 49.95% in 2007 to 81.17% in 2017 was observed in the distribution of death from ‘BoD group II’ diseases.

The Friedman’s test showed an overall trend of a significant decrease in the mean velocity (p < 0.001) and a number of performed repetitions (p < 0.001) from the first to the fifth set (p < 0.006 and p < 0.02, respectively for all) under both conditions, yet neither bar showed significant differences between the corresponding sets.

At the CEAS Juan XXIII Hospital site, an overall trend in improvement in PE&E pre-test scores over time among family medicine residents was observed, a result that was statistically significant ( p < 0.001).

For IYC aged 6–23 mo, there was an overall trend of increase with statistically significant differences from the 2015 to 2020 survey ( p < 0.001).

Similarly, there was an overall trend of networks located at different positions along the human disturbance gradient having different species composition ( F = 28.504; P = 0.001) (Supplementary Fig. 9c ).