Excerpts

Despite the small sample size available for this pilot analysis, we found highly significant differences indicating that the magnitude of differences between groups was very large which is very encouraging for future research.

Fitting linear mixed effects models with fixed effects of time, class, and time*class in the patients confirmed significant effects of class (i.e., a significant difference between patient classes at baseline) and a highly significant time*class interaction for each cognitive domain (i.e., a significant difference between classes in slopes, Table 3 ).

However, of those three, only voter turnout remained modestly significant in the multiple regression analyses.

Across models, profiles characterized by lower teacher report of SR had the poorest motor, school readiness, and social outcomes, concurring with and extending prior findings that teacher-report SR is a highly significant risk indicator for academic achievement, over and above measures of EF ( Elliott, 2019 ; Litkowski et al., 2020 ; Bayly and Bierman, 2021 ).

That is, for non-viewpoint markers, Egocentric Intrusion had a numerically positive, near-significant effect on rereading rate, and this effect was significantly more positive for cognitive viewpoint markers.

In addition, there was also a numerical trend to take more behaviors about having a more regular lifestyle (i.e., Item 1) and being more aware of the importance of family (i.e., Item 3) in the remission period.

If the daily degree of collective anxiety showed a trend of incensement, collective anxiety was accumulated, hence the community’s demonstration of affective polarization towards a more anxious state.

Both PHQ-15 and EPS-25 showed a decreasing trend during treatment, implying a reduction in both somatic symptoms and emotional processing difficulties.

Lower daily life satisfaction with a marginal significance was reported by vegetarians in comparison to omnivores and semi-vegetarians in Nezlek et al.

A generally accepted rule of thumb is to accept an item with a standardized factor loading of 0.70 ( Fornell and Larcker, 1981 ) with a two-tailed p ≤ 0.05, while a standardized factor loading of 0.50 ( p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed test) is considered practically significant for exploratory research.

Hence, although there was an overall trend of increasing facial prominence with age, the previously described pattern of findings was still observable.

By contrary, models failed to reach significance for the spelling of words without a 1:1 mapping (as well as for pseudowords) and approached significance in the case of regular words.

The results showed that the RAI in PE and the five types of motivation in leisure-time PA had significant or marginally significant chain-mediating effects on the relationship between perceived mastery- and performance-oriented motivational climates and the stage of exercise behavior change, PA types, and high-intensity PA ( p s < 0.10).

No other effects or interactions approached significance.

The process model retains highly significant events; less significant but highly correlated events are aggregated into clusters.

The effects are concentrated exclusively in the “low” and in the “medium” condition, and they are only marginally significant.

Both parent and child data indicate either no significant or a slightly significant correlation between the anxiety/avoidance items and externalizing symptoms measured by SDQ.

The total QoL-AD score (U = 239.00; p = 0.07) revealed a marginally significant value for the PwCIs’ quality of life.

Athlete 1 exhibited continuous increase in the happiness rating for one EC coach while the happiness rating for the other two coaches fluctuated in an increasing trend ( Figure 2A ); meanwhile, the anger ratings for the three coaches fluctuated in a decreasing trend ( Figure 2B ).

An integrative review ( Duan et al., 2020 ) of the empirical evidence of the effects of such cultural changes in nursing homes shows a positive trend in terms of residents’ quality of life, satisfaction, and autonomy.

More specifically, we found a positive association between perceived procedural justice and trust in judges ( β =0.37) and the grade respondents gave their trust in judges ( β =0.32), a marginally significant association between perceived procedural justice and self-esteem ( β =0.18), and a negative association between perceived procedural justice and protest intentions ( β =−0.15).

Similarly, the highly significant differences in the self-transcendence sources of meaning (see Table 1 ) could indicate that people in late adulthood more frequently search for objects beyond their immediate needs, with a vertical self-transcendence mean 1.8 vs. 2.3 (see Table 1 ), even though the effect size may not be considered large (Cohen’s d = −0.38).

Still, approaching significance group differences for pre-test children’s performance were found in the motor persistence task (0.053), so pre-test was used as a covariate in the further analyses.

The difference between these means is highly significant ( t = 12.999).

As described in the Supplementary Materials , we observed significant interactions between the geographic regions and publication periods concerning only the topic of neuroscience of visual search, which exhibited an increasing trend in North-Central America, a decreasing trend in Asia, and remained unchanged in Europe.