Excerpts

Of the eight comparisons between the four children and their interlocutors in Speech and Sign sessions, seven were highly significant and one (IGOR speech) was marginal.

The examination of individual scores showed a clear trend for all target boys except one to present their highest scores when talking to a native friend, whereas no pattern appeared for target girls (see Supplementary Table 2 for the details of individual scores) and this led us to investigate separately the data for boys and girls in more depth.

Although our data showed a trend for decreased error on KR versus no-KR trials during the second half of practice (for the Self-After, Self-Both, Yoked-Before, and Yoked-After groups), these differences were not statistically significant (see Table 1 ).

They also observed no significant effect of listener aptitude on learning success: there was an overall trend for listeners with greater perceptual aptitude (i.e., those who performed better on a pre-test discrimination task) to improve more over the course of the training.

At a descriptive level, analysis showed an overall trend toward increased preference of the left hand following practice, with some cases of shift to global left hand preference in both age groups.

Interestingly, however, the analysis indicates that the language of the subtitles did not matter, as the effect of subtitles in both conditions is highly significant.

Therefore, the control experiment suggests that (1) there is no additional effect of being watched on the processes of motor inhibition, and (2) the marginally significant effect of post-error slowing in the being-watched condition from Experiment 1 is likely reflective of between-subject group differences, which were no longer present when a within-subject designed was used.

While the authors found a nominally significant association between handedness and the surface area of the left precentral sulcus, not a single effect survived statistical correction for multiple testing.

More specifically, as outlined by the BMA results, the modulation of the connections from the left to the right dPMC almost reached significance.

The significance level for language was Wald = 6.61, p = 0.01, and for metamemory was Wald = 3.51, p = 0.06, the latter indicating marginal significance; the accuracy of prediction of rehearsers or non-rehearsers by the model remained unchanged at 89.5% with or without the covariates.

It is perhaps surprising that the one correlation that was only marginally significant involved the two tests that are purely visuo-spatial in content (FIT and CSVI); however, the DFT correlated significantly with each of them and thus lay sufficiently solid foundations for measurement of M-capacity as a construct.

(2013) , to date no associations have been replicated across studies, and in several studies only marginally significant results or no significant associations have been found, even in the presence of large samples ( Armour et al., 2014 ).

When equating mean surface area across trials such that surface area and numerosity were correlated, task performance was only marginally significant correlated with inhibitory control ( r = 0.20).

Partial correlations revealed that age, family income, and IQ were marginally significant predictors ( p s < 0.10).

Thus, the association between duration of music training and IQ was near-significant when demographic variables were held constant, although it was weaker than in previous correlational studies with older children (Schellenberg, 2006 , 2011a ; Corrigall et al., 2013 ) and in a quasi-experiment with same-age children (Schellenberg and Mankarious, 2012 ).

No other effects reached the 0.10 level of marginal significance.

All remaining main effects and interactions, including the main effect of participants’ hearing status [ F (1, 49) = 0.067, p = 0.80, η p 2 = 0.001], were not significant or only marginally significant.

Although in the current research this relationship only approached significance, our findings indicated that reappraisal (i.e., a cognitive emotion regulation strategy) could be a possible mediator in the relation between the tendency to crave for food and the subsequent correlated behavior of consuming craved food.

Our findings also showed a small and marginally significant negative correlation between trait food craving and cognitive reappraisal.

Discussion The results showed that the OP related and O related distractors reliably facilitated written production at -100, 0, and +100 ms SOAs, and these findings replicated the results of Experiment 1, while the P related distractors produced a marginally significant facilitation effect at 0 ms SOA.

Participants in the SS-intervention also demonstrated effects in the expected direction for the general life satisfaction and showed a trend toward an increase in the satisfaction with work.

There was an increase in happiness in both conditions at the post-measure as well as at the 3-months time span (marginally significant for the SS condition).

The linguistic consequences may be significant, with the “kid mob” a potentially dominant force in community language shift whereby younger speakers may even socialize adults in language choice (see Luykx, 2005 and Gafaranga, 2010 ).

The second match against Ghana ended as a draw and the data showed no significant difference in well-being between soccer spectators and non-spectators ( d = 0.06), although a mild trend toward lower spectators’ well-being became apparent.

For example, the choice of the first variable may have been based on a marginal trend in the data, but may have a large effect on the subsequent choices.