Excerpts

With the trauma reminder, those with depressive symptomology had a blunted cortisol response to trauma-activation, whereas the PTSD only group had a strong trend toward a sensitized cortisol response to trauma-activation.

If distinguishing features truly are sufficient for category classification, as theory suggests, they may be significant contributors to the neural patterns observed in studies such as those described above.

Paired samples t -tests revealed that participants were more accurate for the first 10 trials than the second 10 trials for both the full-size images [first 10: mean = 61.3%, SD = 19.8; second 10: mean = 49.1%, SD = 17.1; t (31) = 2.63, p = 0.013] and the 70% size images [first 10: mean = 57.7%, SD = 16.3; second 10: mean = 51.0%, SD = 16.6; t (38) = 1.86, p = 0.071], though for the latter comparison the p -value was only approaching significance.

All other hypothesized associations were only marginally significant.

Finally, the younger children were slower to detect a gaze change, while the older children and the adults only showed a trend toward the same effect.

In this respect, it is interesting to note that, in the present study, there is a numerical trend for pseudowords preceded by pseudowords to be slower than pseudowords preceded by words.

However, “Facilitate goal setting” (BS4) only reached conventional levels of significance when the analyses were based only on the RCTs and “Prompt review of goals” (BS5) was only marginally significant when either based on all trials or only on RCTs.

In line with the second hypothesis, which compared the groups with regard to each stage individually, the analyses revealed differences for the aware stage between participants in the gambling group and those in the alcohol and other substance use groups (with the alcohol group the difference was marginally significant).

With regard to the first assumption, which posits that mean scores in early stages should be higher than the following ones, in all three groups differences were found between the first two stages of the model – aware and agree versus the other two stages – apply and harm (in the gambling group this difference came close to significance).

However, a further contribution on a considerable number of left-handed ( N = 30) and right-handed ( N = 57) Italian participants reports a highly significant correlation between handedness and finger counting direction.

On all tests p < 0.05 was considered significant and 0.05 < p < 0.1 a trend toward significance.

On the contrary, the AA-BB memory transfer coefficient had an increasing trend at all temporal scale when more trials were included for analysis ( Supplementary Figures S2c,d ).

In particular, there is a clear trend for adaptation to each expression to make the target expression less visible, while adapting to the anti-expression induced the opposite change and thus made the expression more visible.

While detecting a modulation of congruity effects by task-irrelevant numerical distance is highly significant on its own (Tzelgov et al., 1992 ), actual speed and accuracy outcomes in the NSP may not be straightforward to explain because exact values depend on the relative saliency and speed of processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant dimensions as well as on the ability to resolve stimulus and response conflict in the incongruent condition (Boucart and Humphreys, 1994 ; Schwarz and Ischebeck, 2003 ; Szücs and Soltész, 2007 ; Szücs et al., 2007 ; Szűcs et al., 2009 ).

We observed that the increment of the cognitive load within the different conditions of the task worsened the performance of both groups, without a significantly greater number of errors being made by ADHD participants when the difficulty of the task increased, although there was a significant trend.

Yet, it should be noted that respective RT effects were more pronounced for positive than for negative words and that RT differences between negative and neutral Spanish words were only marginally significant in the L2 data.

We found a highly significant association between conditions (standard condition vs. triggering condition) and Response Dominance Type (Category-, Shape-, Thematic/Non-Dominant), χ 2 (2) = 14.83, p < 0.01.

s time window (0.55), [mean difference = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.085–0.05, d = 0.21; t 1 (1, 26) = 1.81, p = 0.081; t 2 (1, 34) = 1.69, p = 0.1]; and the 600- to 699-ms time window (0.55), [mean difference = 0.045, 95% CI: 0.096–0.07, d = 0.23; t 1 (1, 26) = 1.79, p = 0.085; t 2 (1, 34) = 1.78, p = 0.084] approached significance.

Note that effects of non-onset phonological overlap are very small and only marginally statistically significant (or not at all) even when all phonemes of a word are identical except the initial one (as in beaker vs. speaker, Allopenna et al., 1998 ; McQueen and Viebahn, 2007 ; McQueen and Huettig, in press , for discussion).

It follows that the framing effect is highly significant in group size 6 for the subset of participants that did not belong to sample S (hereafter sample S C ; p value is 0.000).

Thus, the Pearson correlations for the accuracy scores turned out to be marginally significant.

The third result is the marginally significant interaction we found between Language and kind of Verb.

In Table 5 , the effect of Tempo on secondary genres was only marginally significant, whereas Danceability was highly significant.

In the ROI below the meridian the difference between low-contrast offset and onset is marginally significant (uncorrected, see Table 2 ).

At the same time, the regression correlations between brain activation in these regions (except ACC) and the initial craving scores were significant or marginally significant.