Excerpts

Among women, such a clear trend was not discernible.

A marginally statistically significant association was found for the mothers of the public school children who did not have prenatal care, suggesting that this variable represents a certain risk for the development of anemia ( p = 0.09) (Table 2 ).

The addition of income in model 2 resulted in negligible changes in ORs for age and cycle for both behavioural risk factors, but it did increase credible intervals for the excess bodyweight results, yielding borderline non-significant results.

According to the regression model, there was an almost significant negative interaction between FTND score and machine-measured nicotine yield (Table 2 , lower).

However there was an increasing trend between sexual risk behaviours and drug-use categories.

However, since the ANOVA result approached significance, exploratory post-hoc Tukey test procedures were conducted.

These values were compiled into a forest plot and weighted according to their variance in order to demonstrate an overall trend in nudge intervention outcomes.

At the molecular level, infectious agents may be significant initiators of mutations and the dysregulated cellular proliferation that follows [ 24 ].

More specifically, in Peru maternal and neonatal health interventions have been implemented as part of an integrated and synergistic approach, confirming an increasing trend within countries committed to push forward an effective convergence to reach real progress in RMNCH [ 41 ].

This was a subquestion of death of a pet which was nominally significant in both analysis.

However, the primary hypothesized factor, perceived HIV stigma, was marginally significant.

However the interaction between parent steps and income ( B = .25, p = .07, r partial = .09), and parent steps and education ( B = .38, p = .02, r partial = .11) both approached significance.

Compared with the much lower 2009 national figures (14% in male and 22% in female) [ 14 ], it could be that it reflects an increasing trend in overweight, which is consistent with the global trends.

More male children ( n = 684, 30.5%) were having low BMI Z scores compared to female children ( n = 584, 26.9%) and this difference was statistically significant (Chi-square 6.96, p < .031). Distribution of height for age showed an increasing trend of low height for age (stunting) with age.

Given that young people have incorporated new technologies into their leisure-time activities to a great extent [ 30 ] and that there has been a decreasing trend in Spain of active commuting to school [ 31 ], moderate-vigorous activity and active commuting (mainly walking) to school should be encouraged, among other activities [ 32 , 33 ].

study [ 33 ], greater access to improved toilets was associated with reduced risk of stunting and these associations remained after adjusting for covariates, but were marginally significant.

4b , we observed an increasing trend of the index's within-household variability in terms of standard deviation (median [IQR]) from no-mild (2.2 [1.2, 2.8]), moderate (3.4 [2.5, 4.4]) to the severe HFI group (4.8 [3.6, 5.1]).

P -values ≥0.01 and <0.05 were considered borderline significant.

Additionally, previous incarceration (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.42) was a relevant determinant of underweight with a borderline significance.

[ 23 ] showed household income to be the strongest and most robust independent predictor of food purchasing behaviour, and the effects of education to be substantially attenuated (to non-significance or marginal significance).

In our study, there was also a significant trend in the consumption of milk in men, being more frequently ingested with increasing income.

Again, a highly significant reduction of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptomology was observed in the intervention group compared to a waitlisted control group.

A tendency to rise with age, at the level of borderline significance, was only found when low HDL-cholesterol levels were defined according to IDF criteria.

Similarly, rates of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity exhibited a significant trend of rising with age.

The crude logistic regression showed a highly significant negative correlation between mother’s education and child stunting, however, the multivariate analysis, model 2 and 3, showed that children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted than children who had mothers with no education and mothers with only primary education, but without statistical significance.