Excerpts

On the negative side, extreme weather events such as drought have exhibited an increasing trend 11 – 13 and resulted in declined crop production 4 , 6 , 14 .

After adjustment, although birthweights were similar among infants born to HbAA and HbAS mothers, infants born to HbAC mothers showed a trend towards higher birthweights, although this did not reach statistical significance (mean difference 182.9 g; 95% CI −18.9, 384.8; p = 0.08) (Table 2 ).

With regard to the Student ’s t-tests on the differences of DB indices between SSGA/MSGA and Triple-Link Algorithm, the differences of DB indices between SSGA and Triple-Link Algorithm were usually at significant levels while the differences between MSGA and Triple-Link Algorithm were always at extremely significant levels (Fig. 4A,B,C and D ).

Among these compounds, listed in Table 3 , it is worth mentioning five that were highly significant, with a p -value below 0.01: indole ( p -value 0.0006), undecanol (0.0036) and three phenolic compounds such as p -cresol (0.0065), 2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)-phenol (0.0032) and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (0.0031).

Figure 5(b) shows that the F/C ratios of the fluorocarbon thin films from CNT concentrations of 1 to 15 wt% have a decreasing trend as the CNT concentration increases from 1.28 to 1.12.

However, compared with air atmosphere, these samples showed approximate trend for exothermic curves in N 2 atmosphere with weak exothermic peaks that was almost insignificant exothermic effects.

A study of 359 urban African-American T2D patients indicated a barely significant impact of a FH of diabetes on HbA1c level 24 .

A highly significant increase in mean pressure values was observed with the increasing pumping frequencies.

Additionally, hom bundles displayed a highly significant increase in pCa 50 values when compared to the other two genotypes (Fig. 5b ).

Along with some experimental fluctuations, an increasing trend in the relative density with a decrease in the W content was observed.

The FA content in BEU was 1.01 ± 0.64 (wt‰) and 0.78 ± 0.29 (wt‰) in young and the old skeletons, respectively, and significantly not different.

The origin of calcite in aragonitic shells is more difficult to decipher, but there is a clear trend marked by the transition from widespread, aragonitic mollusk shells during the early Cambrian, to evolution of calcitic shells that became common in the mid-Cambrian 33 .

This result was practically significant.

IgE-mediated food allergy has been estimated to affect 1–2% of the adult population and up to 5–8% of children 2 and has shown an increasing trend in several regions worldwide 3 .

The significant difference and extremely significant difference were determined as p-value of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.

We found a favorable trend of better outcome in rt-PA treated patients, although the overall difference was not statistically significant (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.91–2.43; P = 0.12).

In female blister beetles, the highest cantharidin content exhibited in reproductive system without ovary and shown an extremely significant differences with other tissues (Fig. 2D ).

There has been a notable trend in engineering practices that the properties and solidified microstructures of many alloys are dependent on the thermal history of their parent liquids 15 – 18 .

In addition, there was marginally significant evidence suggesting that responders reported a heavier drinking pattern (average number of drinks per drinking day) in the 3 months prior to entering the study compared to non-responders ( P =0.059).There was no difference in average number of drinks per drinking day in the past month before entering the study or the average number of days sober in the past 3 months before entering the study.

Study limitations It is important to note that the magnitude of phoria adaptation showed a statistical trend in its decrease with age, which has been shown to be significant in other studies 95 , 96 .

In the wound area photon emission measured at 6 hours time showed a trend to increase in animals treated with both 1e and 1f (30% and 20% increase with respect to time 0, respectively).

We found that these RT time series exhibited highly significant power-law auto correlations, frequency scaling, and LRTCs.

At 4 °C, N-OXPHOS capacity showed a trend to decline during the experiment particularly with PM, and no stimulation could be observed with cytochrome c .

In human skeletal muscle, however, the limitation by the phosphorylation system is highly significant, j ExP (NS) = 0.05 to 0.2 7 , 68 and j ExP (N) = 0.2 with glutamate&malate as substrates 69 , and is even more pronounced in the human heart, with j ExP (N) increasing from 0.52 in healthy controls to 0.59 in heart failure 2 .

A clear trend in the water splitting efficiency of the polymorphs was observed (Fig. 2 ).