Excerpts

In the present study, there was a slight trend towards higher PA in patients with higher BMI, which might indicate that at a higher BMI, the patients’ health allows them to be more physically active.

By contrast, the association with birth year was only borderline significant in 1991–1992 (beta-coefficient (95% CI), −0.079 (−0.167; 0.009 units)); in 1993–1994 (beta-coefficient (95% CI), 0.017 (−0.070; 0.104 units)) relative to 1995–1998 ( p = 0.053). 3.2.

However, the associations with ADHD outcomes were robust and remained borderline significant for participants with a low iodine intake from food who initiated iodine supplement use in the first trimester.

A significant trend was found across serum 25(OH)D concentration ranges such that as 25(OH)D increased, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased.

However, broad measures of cognitive function may only detect highly significant nutritional effects, especially if the study is underpowered [ 138 ].

For instance, the meta-analysis carried out by Li and colleagues—on 16 cohort and 10 case-control studies—found a borderline significant association (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–1.00) when comparing highest versus lowest coffee consumption; results limited to cohort studies were not significant.

A previous study conducted in China found that the prevalence of MetS was 24.5% in 2016 [ 11 ]; in Taiwan, a study using the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) showed an increasing trend of MetS from 13.6% to 25.5% from NAHSIT 1993–1996 to NAHSIT 2005–2008, respectively [ 12 ].

Research on the genetic predisposition to selecting specific foods based on taste perception may be significant in advancing our fundamental knowledge of genetic factors influencing habitual dietary intake and the development of chronic disease.

The higher total BHEI-R scores were associated with higher plasma concentrations of β-carotene and riboflavin, while plasma retinol, SAH, and 5-MTHF approached significance ( Table 3 ). 3.2.

Accordingly, correlation between liver fat scores and IHL content was strong and highly significant within both diet groups at baseline ( Table 2 ).

A negative borderline significant association between gestational age and UIC was found.

Then, they found that TCM treatment showed an increasing trend in popularity among prostate cancer patients in Taiwan.

A significant difference was apparent between seasons for iodine only, with the lowest milk iodine concentration in spring (March–May) and highest in autumn (September–November) ( Table 1 ).

However, PD patients with RRF had a difference pattern, and an increasing trend of mortality was noted when TC levels were increasing, similar to that in the general population [ 13 ].

In turn, there was a highly significant positive correlation for the RSV-induced changes of pAMPK/AMPK and pSGLT1/SGLT1 in the ileum ( Figure 7 c) but this correlation was not accompanied by a respective negative correlation of pAMPK/AMPK with Ussing data ( Figure 6 b) as was the case for PKA-S in the jejunum ( Figure 6 c).

Hypertriglyceridemia has been observed from the 4th week of a cafeteria diet in hamsters [ 25 ] and after 8 weeks in rats [ 36 ]; however, hypercholesterolemia needs a longer treatment time to show clearly significant increases—around 13 weeks of a cafeteria diet [ 16 ].

The daily dietary vitamin C intake was significantly different and presented an increasing trend associated with increased vegetable consumption frequency. 3.3.

To evaluate the changes in vitamin C intake among the same population between different survey periods, we further focused on vitamin C intake in adults aged 18–49 years from nine provinces in the present study, which were 87.4 mg/day in males and 81.0 mg/day in females on average, and thus considerably lower than that in 1989 (117.2 mg/day for males and 111.0 mg/day for females), and showing a slightly increasing trend in males and a decreasing trend in females relative to vitamin C intake in 2009 (85.2 mg/day for males and 83.1 mg/day for females) [ 6 ].

In addition, another meta-analysis with a comparable update, focusing on postmenopausal breast cancer only and considering prospective studies only, provided a similar summary point estimate (RR = 0.94), which, however, was only marginally significant (95% CI, 0.88–1.01) [ 24 ].

Compared to previous studies, our research had an overall short follow-up period and a relatively small sample size, which may result in decreased statistical power, marginal significance for demographic factors, and weaker inference in conclusions.

No significant interaction was found for 22:6n-3, although the overall inverse associations of 22:6n-3 with sleep disturbance turned to be marginally significant in several subgroups. 4.

An increasing trend in the availability of biscuits/cakes/wafers with over 2% of TFA was observed in all investigated countries.

A borderline significant association was found in the Study on osteoporotic fractures in women [ 23 ].

For the 9 subscales, the treatment group improved significantly more than the non-treatment group on four of them (Written Skills, Domestic Skills, Interpersonal Relationships, Coping Skills) and marginally significant greater improvement on three others (Receptive Skills and Expressive Skills, and Community Skills), but no significant difference in Personal Daily Living Skills or Play/Leisure Skills—see Figure 7 .

Contrary to PC, the level of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) showed a trend to be decreased in both the NAFL and NASH groups, without reaching significance ( Figure 1 D).