Excerpts

There may be significant nutrient gaps in local diets for various reasons (including extreme poverty and rising food costs), which also impact complementary feeding at home and dietary adequacy, and this intervention may not be fully sufficient [ 17 , 36 ].

The OR of having a large waist circumference (≥88 cm) was of borderline significance (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–1.00) with higher hPDI.

In a 2-year study of 89 European postmenopausal women with or at risk for osteoporosis, soymilk supplementation alone prevented lumbar spine bone loss, and a nonsignificant trend toward greater BMD gain in equol producers (+2.8%) compared with non-producers (+0.6%) [ 47 ].

Although not all intergroup comparisons reached statistical significance, correlations between glycemic status, IL-6, and elastographic stiffness approached significance, suggesting a latent pathophysiological relationship [ 27 , 28 ].

Follow-up duration showed a small but statistically significant positive coefficient (coefficient = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.01, p = 0.011), suggesting a possible trend toward higher HbA1c with longer follow-up.

While the 2003 study [ 28 ] reported a highly significant effect, the present study (Bokayeva et al.) showed a non-significant effect.

A nearly significant trend in odor discrimination emerged, with significant differences by nutritional condition among girls.

In the control group, an unfavorable trend was observed, characterized by an increase in the daily intake of sweets and red meat.

This is supported in meta-analyses and systematic reviews that demonstrate an overall trend, suggesting that higher coffee consumption correlates with decreased depression severity [ 33 , 34 ].

However, EPA that showed a trend toward higher levels (1.5-fold), while the ω 6/ ω 3 ratio displayed a decreasing trend (0.78fold) in FH patients with history of CVE.

Though we attempted to adjust for these potential confounders through multivariable analysis, the protective association persisted with borderline significance.

After six months, a significant reduction in dyspareunia (VAS p = 0.002) and dyschezia (VAS p < 0.001) was observed, while non-menstrual pelvic pain showed a decreasing trend and a negative correlation with total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) [ 28 ].

The serotonin pathway marker, 5-HIAA, did not differ in absolute concentration, but the 5-HIAA/TRP turnover ratio showed a borderline significant elevation ( q = 0.052) ( Figure 3 D). 3.3.

Tryptophan (TRP) availability showed a trend toward increase, but this was not statistically significant ( p = 0.073; q = 0.105) ( Figure 5 D). 3.4.

There was a mainly highly significant association between SPSM and dietary behaviours and physical activity.

There is a clear trend in iron intake, depending on sex and age.

Consistent with these observations, median [IQR] expression levels of miR-144-5p and miR-19a-3p significantly increased in women after the 4-week traditional beer intervention, whereas men showed a nonsignificant trend toward decreased expression ( Figure 6 ). miR-144-5p and miR-19a-3p did not show significant changes relative to baseline after the consumption of alcohol-free beer.

Furthermore, a positive trend was observed for interleukin (IL)-6, an inflammatory marker.

Among these factors, malnutrition is a modifiable element, and clarifying the effects of nutritional improvement on muscle quality is clinically highly significant.

Among the yearly nutritional intake results of this study, sodium intake in this study showed a decreasing trend over the past 10 years from 2012 to 2021.

The carbohydrate contribution rate decreased, while the contribution rates of protein and fat showed an increasing trend over the past decade.

Human milk from mothers after CS also showed a trend toward higher bacterial richness than milk from mothers after vaginal delivery.

Mild stress does not show significant direct or indirect effects on diastolic blood pressure, although its indirect effect through weight is marginally significant.

The very small p -values for birth weight and birth length indicate large effect sizes and highly significant differences between moderate and severe FGR birth anthropometrics. 3.2.

Protein intake showed an increasing trend between 12 and 24 months, possibly reflecting improved dietary adaptation or increased awareness of preserving muscle mass during weight loss.