Excerpts

Statistical comparison using independent samples t -tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons revealed highly significant differences between the NS-LLM system and all human expert groups.

In contrast, RAMPA treatment induced significant and highly significant increases in the maxillary depth ratio (Ptm-A/Ba-N) in both sexes.

Similarly, a highly significant association was observed between hormone receptor status and treatment outcome; the pCR rate was substantially higher in hormone-negative patients compared to hormone-positive patients (68.8% vs. 42.8%; p < 0.001), and hormone negativity emerged as a strong predictor associated with a 2.94-fold increase in the odds of achieving pCR (OR = 2.942; 95% CI: 1.755–4.933; p < 0.001).

In contrast, Bränström and Pachankis [ 17 ] showed a trend of a decreasing risk of mental health treatment year on year, which persisted even after more than 10 years.

Depressive symptoms showed a positive trend but did not reach statistical significance (PHQ-9 per SD: OR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.5; p = 0.097).

An increasing trend was found in alcohol-related hospitalizations among all aged 20–21 (2021–2023), males aged 20–21 years (2021–2023), and all aged 22–24 (2018–2023), and in hospitalizations due to sedative or hypnotic intoxication among females aged 15–19 (2017–2023), but the differences were not statistically significant.

In particular, in the age group over 60 years, the authors identified a marked trend reversal with rising suicide rates.

Smoking showed a trend toward a higher prevalence of insomnia, although this did not reach statistical significance.

Although the decrease was quite significant in the last category of patients, it did not reach statistical significance because the recorded median is very close to that in the first group ( Supplementary Tables S12 and S13, Figures S7 and S8 ).

However, as these associations remained at a borderline level of statistical significance and restoration evaluations were performed under blinded conditions, a causal relationship between patient experience during the recording stage and restoration assessment cannot be established.

Although the true incidence remains difficult to determine because of underreporting, a decreasing trend has been observed over recent decades.

In patients treated with antivitamin K with moderate thrombocytopenia, minor bleeding occurred three times more frequently than in normal patients (IRR 3.03, 95% CI 1.57–5.60), while major bleeding showed a trend toward increased risk (IRR 1.48, 95% CI 0.44–3.98).

Consequently, subtle differences in secondary outcomes may have been missed, and marginally significant findings warrant cautious interpretation.

Pioglitazone group did not differ significantly from Control ( p = 0.078), suggesting that inflammation levels were nearly normalized after treatment, indicating a strong trend toward complete restoration of tissue inflammatory status to baseline levels. 3.2.2.

Urine protein levels did not differ significantly during 6 h of perfusion due to high variation in the NMP group, but there was a clear trend of increasing urine protein amounts in the NMP group after 3 h, whereas levels in the SMP group remained consistently low ( Figure 6 D).

When stratified by therapy status, the positive association between adiponectin and NT-proBNP was not significant in untreated patients but was highly significant in patients receiving therapy, with a higher correlation coefficient than in the overall cohort ( Supplemental Figure S2A,D ).

A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, while p < 0.001 was considered highly significant. 3.

In addition, the reinforced group had a significantly shorter intensive care unit stay and showed a trend toward lower postoperative chest tube drainage and shorter total hospital stay, without prolongation of operative times.

In contrast, cardiac catheterization increased significantly during the pre-COVID period (2012–2019) but did not demonstrate a significant trend when the 2020–2022 period was included, suggesting that interventional cardiology services were expanding prior to 2020 but experienced disruption or plateau during the late period.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves from the first NRP ( Figure 2 A) showed a trend toward poorer survival in patients with IVCs, although the log-rank test did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.142).

Preoperative transfusion alone showed a trend toward increased mortality but was not statistically significant ( p = 0.09).

Conclusions: In adults with ADHD treated in routine clinical practice, alcohol and cannabis use disorders were associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving clinically meaningful improvement under routine pharmacological care, whereas autism spectrum disorder showed a trend toward lower response that was not stable enough to support firm conclusions.

High particulate matter exposure showed a trend toward worsening ACT/cACT scores but did not reach statistical significance (adjusted β −1.12, 95% CI −2.31 to 0.07, p = 0.065).

RDW ( p = 0.070) and SII ( p = 0.077) were close to significance, while GII, PLR, and PMI did not demonstrate independent predictive value within the regression model.

Heavy alcohol consumption also showed a trend toward reduced survival but did not reach statistical significance in univariable analysis.