Excerpts

Compared to the no-contrast condition, the increase triggered by the object contrast was only marginally significant (χ 2 = 3.6, df = 1, n = 76, p = 0.059), whereas the decrease triggered by the liquid contrast was significant (χ 2 = 37.2, df = 1, n = 73, p < 0.001).

The second correlation analysis revealed a marginally significant correlation: the longer were the infants’ rhythmic moving times, the smaller were the absolute looking time Δ scores ( r = −0.24, p = 0.059), that is, the weaker were their preferences for looking longer toward one of the two types of trials at test (see Figure 3B ).

Participation in other sports showed a borderline significant negative association ( b = −1.5, 95% CI: −3.1 to 0.1, p = 0.059).

Some selective attention measures, such as the TMT-A, reached marginally statistically significant group*time interactions: ( F (1, 24) = 3.926, p = 0.059, partial η 2 = 0.141) and executive function measures, such as the Stroop Colors and Words ( F (1, 24) = 4.243, p = 0.05, partial η 2 = 0.150), but there was still a large effect size ( Cohen, 1977 ).

To examine what WM task was more problematic for patients, we compared the performance of patients and controls in each WM task separately: patients clearly performed worse than controls on LNS (patients' Mdn = 9, controls' Mdn = 13, W = 105.5, p = 0.003); patients also showed poorer performance than controls in Arithmetic , being this between-group difference marginally significant (patients' Mdn = 8, controls' Mdn = 12, W = 89.5, p = 0.059); and there were no significant between-group differences in Dspan (patients' Mdn = 10, controls' Mdn = 12, W = 84.5, p = 0.118).

For Stimulus Size classification, prediction accuracy was significantly above chance level for V1 (0.906, p = 0.000), hMT+ (0.427, p = 0.000), V6 (0.755, p = 0.000), and PcM (0.391, p = 0.000) and approached significance in CSv (0.302, p = 0.059).

It was found that the main effect of group was approaching significance ( F (1, 77) = 3.669, p = 0.059, η 2 = 0.045), with the RT of the HSA group (252.69 ± 339.66) being significantly shorter than that of the LSA group (53.22 ± 503.95); the main effect of emotion type was significant ( F (1, 77) = 29.261, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.275), and RTs for positive emotional stimuli (126.36 ± 472.04) were significantly shorter than those for negative emotions (179.55 ± 470.57).

Lastly, a median split of the sample based on untransformed MMT scores revealed that those participants who reported relatively more frequent MMT behaviors tended to have higher BMI z -scores ( M = 0.515, SD = 1.05) than those with less frequently reported MMT behaviors ( M = 0.243, SD = 0.82); this difference was marginally significant, t (177) = 1.90, d = 0.285, p = 0.059.

Under the non-resource depletion condition: The main effect of the manipulated awe states approached significance, F (2, 114) = 2.90, p = 0.059, η 2 = 0.05.

The accuracy rates associated with COs were positively correlated with the bilinguals’ proficiency, though the result showed a tendency toward statistical significance ( p = 0.059).

Moreover, the effect of the Pet-related Avoidance Scale was marginally significant [ F ( 1 , 432 ) = 3.597, p = 0.059]; dogs of owners with elevated PAVS tended to approach the toy object later, and there was a significant PAVS × PANXS interaction [ F ( 1 , 432 ) = 5.568, p = 0.019; dogs of owners with lower PAVS and PANXS tended to approach the toy object sooner].

A two-factor ANOVA with the between-subject factors “modality” and “processing” revealed a marginally non-significant interaction of both conditions [ F (2, 85) = 2.936, p = 0.059, η = 0.065].

However, the ability of the model to predict the dependent variable over and above the intercept-only model approached significance, [χ 2 (9) = 16.395, p = 0.059].

The results for males showed that the sensitivity of the Flanker Task to detect any differences between students with and without disabilities for the RT measure revealed a trend approaching significance for an effect of Disability [ F (1) = 4.142, p = 0.059, η p 2 = 0.206].

Nonetheless, the Mann–Whitney test revealed a marginally significant effect of age group ( Z = -1.89, p = 0.059), which showed that a decreased tendency of selecting egocentric representation among adult participants.

Examining only the experiments with risk preferences, i.e., Experiments 1–6, neither monkey exhibited a significant change overall (linear regression, Monkey P: R 2 = 0.63, p = 0.059; Monkey T: R 2 = 0.13, p = 0.833), although Monkey P was trending toward significance ( p = 0.059), which was due to a significant decrease for Configuration 1 ( R 2 = 0.8, p < 0.05) but not Configuration 2 ( R 2 = 0.28, p = 0.28).

There was also a marginally significant effect on empathy [ t (14) = 1.89, p = 0.059, ES = 0.145], but object-related absorption did not reach a significant level [ t (14) = 0.84, p = 0.403, ES = 0.061].

Further, the interaction between sex and mental imagery only approached significance [ F (1,393) = 3.48, p = 0.059, η 2 = 0.01] and will not be explored further due to the relatively small percentage ( n = 31) of students who did not engage in mental imagery.

Among the univariate tests, only the DDF subscale was significant, F (1,45) = 5.65, p = 0.022, whereas a prominent trend that approached significance was found for the EOT subscale, F (1,45) = 3.76, p = 0.059.

Independent samples t -test showed no differences between boys ( n = 19) and girls ( n = 12) ( t = −0.150; p = 0.882) regarding BPSC Total and a trend toward significance regarding PPSC Total ( t = −1.901; p = 0.059), with boys ( n = 89) showing a higher mean than girls ( n = 73) ( M = 7.49; M = 5.89, respectively).

In addition, for natives, the interaction of Location and Structure was significant in the subjects analysis and close to significant in the items analysis [ F1 (1, 47) = 5.04, p = 0.03, F2 (1, 39) = 3.89, p = 0.056], while for heritage speakers, the interaction approached significance in both types of analysis [ F1 (1, 27) = 3.89, p = 0.059, F2 (1, 39) = 3.15, p = 0.08].

However, no reliable difference was found between conditions for script-consistent events, M experienced = 1.91, SD experienced = 1.44; M hypothetical = 2.18, SD hypothetical = 1.89, U (15, 14) = 77.50, z = −1.20, p = 0.230 (two-tailed), effect size r = 0.22, and the difference was only marginally significant for script-divergent events, M experienced = −0.77, SD experienced = 1.81; M hypothetical = −1.74, SD hypothetical = 1.98, U (15, 15) = 67.00, z = −1.89, p = 0.059 (two-tailed), effect size r = 0.34.

Additionally, there was an interaction between facial expression and eye size that approached significance [facial expression × eye size F (2.79,61.32) = 2.68, p = 0.059, η 2 = 0.11].

Marginal significance was found for the correlation between the change scores of the picture-updating task and the changed RP amplitude of stimulus-based action ( rs = 0.482, p = 0.059), showing that improved performance of executive function after training was positively related with the increased RP amplitude in stimulus-based action.

Although not significantly different, there was a statistical trend for perceiving the superset session more pleasurable than the traditional session ( Z = −1.891, p = 0.059, ES = 0.25).