Excerpts

Abstract An increasing trend in the workplace is for employees to walk on treadmills while working to attain known health benefits; however, the effect of walking on a treadmill during cognitive control and executive function tasks is not well known.

Finally, it should also be noted that despite that the patterns of results were in line with our hypotheses, some of the effects were just marginally significant.

Age of exposure and contextual diversity had marginally significant positive coefficients (0.03 and 0.15), indicating that later first exposure or appearing with more other items predicts higher responses.

AC's p -values for that period were nearing significance.

Along with a marked trend, the series in Figure 1 exhibits noticeable seasonal fluctuations as well; at the beginning of each year (i.e., after the holiday months), online job searches spike and then fall significantly in February.

Globally, the illustrative time series shown in Figure 1 exhibits a positive trend: The level of the series at the end is systematically higher than at its beginning.

It is more likely that either (a) a negative trend will return the series back to more moderate levels or (b) the series will simply continue at a generally high level.

Modeling trends through regression Modeling an observed trend in a time series through regression is appropriate when the trend is deterministic —i.e., the trend is due to the constant, deterministic effects of a few causal forces (McCleary et al., 1980 , p. 34).

Two of these studies ( Stein et al., 2011b ; Gray et al., 2013 ) also included a polarity inversion condition, demonstrating that detection times were fastest for normal faces (upright and normal polarity) and slowest for the most unusual face presentation condition (spatial inversion and inversed polarity), although the inversion effect was only marginally significant in the inversed polarity condition of Stein et al.

In contrast, mean differences between women and men were highly significant for each measure of perceived ability under challenge in mathematics.

3 Corina and Hildebrandt ( 2002 ) found marginally significant inhibitory effects of location primes. 4 Note that Dye and Shih ( 2006 ) found a facilitatory effect of primes that shared both movement and location.

Although our TD infants demonstrated differential looking in the Configural condition (as expected), it is unclear why they showed a trend toward the familiarized face in the Featural condition and a significant bias toward the novel face in the Configural condition.

Still, this difference was only marginally significant, so it is assumed that the Early Bilinguals did form separate phonetic categories for their Spanish and English /l/s.

For the two Digit Triplet tests, only hearing made a highly significant contribution, while cognition, whether entered as one (Cogn) or two (WM, Att) latent factors, did not.

Thus, even though one measure was only marginally significant, both indicate that infants in the point group anticipated the give outcome, but not the take outcome.

There was a trend approaching significance for children in the No Book control condition to attribute fewer anthropomorphic traits to animals than did the children in the Full Anthropomorphism condition ( p = 0.07).

Interestingly, a clear trend was observed in the PC vs.

A multiple regression analysis revealed that the Conflict scale was a highly significant predictor of ToM, holding the control variables (age, gender, and verbal ability) and the Delay scale constant.

Entropy showed a marginally significant interaction revealing the same trend as roughness which did not survive multiple comparisons (Figure 2 , central panels).

In any case, we can be reassured that semantic priming did take place, since we obtained highly significant N400 differences between the Related and Unrelated conditions, thereby replicating classical N400 effects (e.g., Barrett and Rugg, 1990 ; Ganis et al., 1996 ; Kutas and Federmeier, 2011 ).

Contrarily, FCQ-T-r scores positively predicted state food craving after the task while the influence of food deprivation was only marginally significant.

Data analysis indicated a significant WF effect and a marginally significant SF effect across repetitions.

Estimation errors were lower in the Welsh-medium group for all these tasks, though the difference only approached significance for the 0–100 task ( M = 19.05, SD = 5.52 for the Welsh-medium pupils compared to M = 21.69, SD = 8.42 for the English-medium pupils); and reached it for the overall estimation error score ( M = 16.06, SD = 4.66 for the Welsh-medium pupils and M = 19.1, SD = 8.57 for the English-medium pupils).

No other interactions approached significance.

No other main effects or interactions in the exploratory ANOVA approached significance (Maximal F = 0.90, ns ).