Excerpts

Extent of root colonization by hyphae, vesicles, and arbuscules did not change significantly under short-term shading, but the first two decreased significantly under long-term shading ( F 1,18 = 25.1, p < 0.001 and F 1,18 = 29.2, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the decrease of the root occupancy by arbuscules was only marginally significant ( p = 0.068).

Notably, there was some interaction between irrigation treatment and virus status in 2017 relative to 2018, resulting in a nearly significant three-way interaction in the ANOVA ( p = 0.069).

Among ecosystem types, these slopes were 1.44, 1.01, and 0.73 for coastal, meadow, and desert ecosystems, respectively, reaching a marginal significance (p=0.07, Table 2 ).

According to Figure 3 , the PLS-PM analysis results showed that geography (LAT and LON) had a significantly positive correlation (path coefficient=0.37, p=0.07 with a considerable trend toward significance) with leaf stoichiometry (leaf P concentration and N:P ratio), a significantly positive association (path coefficient=0.81, p<0.001) with climate (MAT and MAP), and a significantly positive association (path coefficient=0.75, p<0.001) with soil (TN, TP, and soil N:P ratio).

S1-specific IgG showed a trend toward a correlation with IgA ( r = 0.423, p = 0.07; Figure 5D ), while RBD-specific IgG correlated significantly with IgA ( r = 0.635, p < 0.003; data not shown).

First, we measured carotenoids and chlorophyll in roots of 50 μM ABA-treated plants, and although only marginally significant ( P = 0.07), a trend toward increased chlorophyll a and carotenoid levels was observable ( Supplementary Figure S2 ).

Treatment had a nearly significant effect on elemental composition ( p -value=0.07) during the water-deficit phase ( Table 1 ).

It is worth noticing that ABA treatment decreased SA in roots at 4 DAT compared with the Excess Zn treatment, even though the difference was only marginally significant ( P = 0.07), indicating that in the grapevine roots exposed to excess Zn, SA signaling could be negatively regulated by ABA as reported for the plant immune response ( de Torres Zabala et al., 2009 ; Kim et al., 2011 ).

There was a marginally significant correlation between effect size of APB and BPB to IPPT (slope = 0.30, P = 0.0715; Figure 4B ; Supplementary Table 2 ).

Three-way ANOVA ( Supplementary Table S3 ) indicated significant effects of Family ( p < 0.001) and Pollutant ( p < 0.001), with an interaction between Family and Pollutant approached significance ( p = 0.0721).

australasica , the transcript abundance of PPT1 was up-regulated at 0.5 h under illumination with marginal significance (P=0.075, t -test).

Shrub abundance showed a decreasing trend with island area ( P = 0.119) ( Figure 2c ) but an increasing trend with isolation ( P = 0.075) ( Figure 2f ), though the relationships were not statistically significant.

As seen for H5 ( Figure 1D ), Si supplementation of Fielder increased closing g min , although this was not quite significant (t 20 =-1.9, P=0.0769).

At the 20–50 cm depth, climate had a marginally significant effect on phosphorus ( P = 0.077) and a very highly significant effect on silt content ( P < 0.0001).

PHP and Plant Species Identity Effects on Soil and Root Bacterial Diversity ANOVA tests revealed a nearly significant effect of the contamination concentration on Shannon diversity indices of bacteria in the soil dataset ( P = 0.077), with a slightly higher diversity in the LC site than in HC, and MC sites.

At 1 dpt, a significant reduction in shoot methylation levels was detected in the foliarly treated ancestor plants (p = 1.95E-2), whereas root DNA methylation was found to be increased in a near-significant manner at this time point (p = 7.78E-2).

For RII biomass , significant/marginally significant difference was found for cushions in the size classes III ( p = 0.078) and IV ( p = 0.017), but not in classes I ( p = 0.768) and II ( p = 0.324).

However, when the partial Mantel tests were conducted separately for mainland and island populations, there was no significant correlation among mainland population ( P = 0.27, r = 0.07), but there was marginally significant correlation among island populations ( P = 0.079, r = 0.49) ( Supplementary Figure S3 ).

Unlike the positive effect of BE addition on yield, the effect on root biomass was not significant but showed only a positive trend ( Figure 6A , RR= 1.11, P= 0.079; 95% C.I.: 0.99-1.24).

A multifactorial model using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, with N fertilization level, year (with “on”/”off” nesting) and plot as predictor variables, For trend determination, a five-level contrast analysis was performed ( Rosenthal et al., 2000 ), and presented with its significance value, also when the trend was borderline significant (p<0.08), including its type (either linear (P L ) or quadratic (P Q )), and the trendline itself.

On the other hand, if the K content in control plants was about 3.5 g/kg ( Figure 8 ), featuring a C/K ratio of roughly 3, in stressed plants it was higher than 8 g/kg, leading to a net rise of 2.5 g/kg (p< 0.01) and an interaction effect between biotic and nutritional stress nearing significance (p = 0.08). 3.2.6.2 Mesonutrients The level of Ca in control plants was approximately 400 mg/kg based on FW, as reported in Table 1 .

A wilcoxon signed rank test on residuals indicates that asterids I are marginally significant ( p = 0.08) for lacking diversity (two sided, μ = 0) but other groups (gymnosperms, p = 0.25; magnoliids, p = 0.20; rosids I, p = 0.97; rosids II, p = 0.63; asterids II, p = 0.63) show no detectable biases in diversity.

The iron concentrations of inoculated cultivars did not differ either, except in T shoots which showed a substantially increased trend toward significance with both the WT strain and its pvd− mutant (WT pvd+, F = 5.081, p = 0.081; mutant pvd−, F = 7.14, p = 0.056) ( Figure 4B ).

In contrast, Pepton treatment did not additionally increase foliar N contents, but showed a trend to improve the RWC ( p = 0.081), an effect that appeared to be more apparent before than after pruning (week 4 relative to week 8; Figure 4 ).

‘Arkansas Traveler’ showed less heat susceptibility in chlorophyll fluorescence, which contradicts with the results from our previous cultivar screening in the growth chamber and open field study ( Bhattarai et al., 2021 ), possibly due to different plant developmental stage, soil type and temperature regimes, but leaf ROS contents were still lower in ‘Celebrity’ under heat stress at a marginally significant level ( P = 0.083).