Excerpts

Similarly, bacterial colonies from the ice core sample of Yuzhufeng Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau exhibited an increasing trend with depth ( Shen et al., 2018 ).

After digestion at pH 4.5 with glucose, colony counts showed an increasing trend, suggesting that glucose alleviated acid stress by providing energy.

Conversely, the interaction with RB 241 resulted in increased activity at all tested distances, with a decreasing trend as the distance increased ( Figure 4 ).

Muribaculaceae showed an increasing trend in the Wuji Pill group ( Figure 2I ).

In contrast, the abundances of genes associated with carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, RNA polymerase, and proteasome showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 5B ; Supplementary Table S8 ).

Similar to PA, the total content of SLs also shows an increasing trend under heat stress ( Tereshina et al., 2010 , 2011 , 2013 ) ( Figure 1B ).

Results Both bacterial and fungal communities exhibited significant biogeographic patterns, but only fungal Shannon-Wiener diversity showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude.

The PERMANOVA results showed that R 2 = 0.068 with p = 0.083, indicating marginal significance, and ANOSIM demonstrated R 2 = 0.041 with p = 0.091. 3.5 Differential taxa and functional context Two-group comparisons ( Figure 11 ) revealed OTUs with varying abundance levels between groups.

Unlike bacteria, fungal communities showed a trend of reduced network complexity (fewer nodes and edges) in the simulated grazing area and generally lower mean degree, modularity index and mean clustering coefficient than in the control area, whereas the mean path lengths increased, suggesting that the fungal community network was looser and less stable.

A P -value of < 0.05 indicates a significant difference, while a P -value of < 0.0001 indicates an extremely significant difference. 3 Results 3.1 Fermentation of nattokinase activity by different substrates As illustrated in Figure 1A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in enzyme production for nattokinase fermentation using various carbon substrates.

POC, MAOC, and GRSP all exhibited an increasing trend with longer cultivation periods, leading to a significant increase in SOC.

Although the low-dose SCFs group showed a trend of improvement, it did not reach statistical significance.

In the CON group, both the Shannon and Chao1 indices showed decreasing trends by day 42 compared to day 28, although Chao1 index showed an increasing trend from day 42 to day 56.

In this study, the CON group exhibited a decreasing trend in alpha diversity by day 42 following dietary transition, while the YPS group showed an increasing trend.

Compared to SCK, S3 and S5 exhibited an increasing trend in β-xylosidase and NAG abundance, though the differences were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). 3.3.

(2020) , the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD showed an overall trend of increased first and then decreased, which to some extent protected the C. comatus by clearing reactive oxygen.

The oxidation product malondialdehyde increased from day 0 to 15, and then showed a decreasing trend.

They found that the iron reduction antioxidant capacity and reduction ability of air dried and baked samples stored at room temperature and low temperature show an increasing trend compared to before storage.

In this study, we found that the primary BA levels in the DCTT group were lower compared to the NCTT and HC groups, with no significant differences in total and secondary BAs across the three groups, although a decreasing trend was noted in the DCTT group.

Notably, Achromobacter exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with AK and AP, but a highly significant negative correlation with pH and SBD.

We can observe an important trend consisting in the decrease of an average AMR from 57.5 % in 2015–2016 to 39.25% in 2019–2020.

In this context, there is a clear trend towards addressing Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis in production animals.

Although the M treatment showed a trend toward increased biomass, this change was not statistically significant.

subtilis natto at 48 h showed a decreasing trend.

The intracellular and extracellular MK-7 showed an increasing trend ( Figures 1C , D ).