Excerpts

(2015) showed an increasing trend of NPQ and DES from motile epipelic to non-motile epipsammic species.

Concentrations of Chl a started a decreasing trend after 11:15, almost 2 h before the end of the illumination period that coincided with the time of flooding at the sampling site ( Figure 1 ).

Thus, the role of TA systems, especially those borne on the nucleoid, as agents of adaptation and evolution in prokaryotes is likely to be significant.

While a decreasing trend of level was observed, the levels in the heat-shocked group were still higher than that in the non-shocked group at 3 and 6 dpi, indicating that HSP70 possesses protective function especially for early-onset infection (Figures 4A,B ).

Delaying antifungal therapy appears to be a common practice, and the impact on mortality may be significant with catheter related infections.

epidermidis exhibited a 24-fold higher frequency of mutation to Rif R than did GC cultures, and this difference was found to be highly significant ( Figure 2B ).

The second highly significant category is cellular detoxification with additional functions predicted in glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin metabolism.

Alpha and Beta Diversity Patterns At the taxonomic and phylogenetic level, the alpha diversity of bacterial communities (randomly selected 4,000 sequences per sample) did not show an apparent trend along the elevation gradient ( Figure 3 ), which is consistent with our previous results (454 data in Shen et al., 2013 ).

cholerae O139 in India showed a trend of resistance to neomycin (Mukhopadhyay et al., 1998 ).

Results The concentrations of microbial aerosol and noxious gas under different hygienic conditions Over time, the concentrations of airborne aerobe, airborne fungi, airborne gram-negative, airborne endotoxin, and NH 3 showed an overall trend of increase with the deteriorating of hygienic conditions, however, concentration of NH 3 in each group was lower than the poultry harmless criterion (10 ppm, GB/T 18407.3–2001), and H 2 S was not found in all groups (Table 2 ; Yu et al., 2016 ).

veronii C4 (pN-PA-2) showed extremely significant differences compared with those of wild type at 5, 10, 15% glucose and sucrose (Figure 6A ).

Results: PCOS patients showed a decrease in bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria and a borderline significant shift in bacterial community composition in unweighted UniFrac analysis.

Abundance and Community Composition of the N Cycling Microbial Communities The numbers of N cycling community genes ( nifH , AOA -amoA , AOB -amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ ) generally presented an increasing trend along the time sequences.

However, the level of phosphorylated ArcA in this strain is lower than in the wild type and in AV34 (the UQ-only strain), but here too, a clear trend during the anarobiosis/aerobiosis transition could be observed ( Figure 4C ).

Introduction Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union showing an increasing trend over the period of 2008–2014, and the occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in broiler meat remains high at 38.4% in 2014 ( European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC], 2015 ).

Highly significant hits against different protein databases allowed us to derive the biochemical functions of query protein.

Bioavailable DOC roughly followed total DOC concentrations over the year in both systems, showing a decreasing trend from the beginning of the year, and accounting for 9–52 and 6–47% of total DOC for RF and GB, respectively ( Figures 1C,D ).

Next, two-way ANOVA of fold changes (model: fold change = medium conditions + replicates + system error) in the three biological replicates and filtering of regulated proteins on the basis of a P -value < 0.00001 allowed us to identify 325 proteins with highly significant fold change abundances in the induced exoproteome compared to those from the original CD medium (Supplementary Figure S1 ; Supplementary Table S2 ).

In these cases, the EET might be no or only a minor mode of energy generation but will rather consume additional resources and provide the involved species a short time but possibly significant selection advantage.

The number of genes gained from HGT as well as gene duplication events might be significant enough to account for the increase of microbial DNA content and novel functions, and play a key role in evolution ( Mira et al., 2001 ; Navarre et al., 2006 ).

abortus lineage, have been revealed which may be significant in understanding the emergence of B. abortus as a host specific pathogen.

have been shown to integrate oxidative stress responses and sterigmatocystin/aflatoxin biosynthesis regulation (Sakamoto et al., 2008 , 2009 ; Lara-Rojas et al., 2011 ; Roze et al., 2011 , 2013 ; Hong et al., 2013a , b ), also displayed some marginally significant increases in expression in NRRL3357 and AF13 (Figure S2 ).

Similarly, an increasing trend in the Chao1 estimates of species richness was observed postpartum, which began to plateau at around 20,000 sequences per sample (Figure 1 ).

There is a clear trend overall of more detections on each edge as k increases, but with some exceptions: at k = 20 we find three edges not seen at k = 30, from group D to B2 (257 transfers), from B2 to S (443) and from B2 to E (3574), while transfers from D to B1 decrease from 4659 at k = 20 to 3200 at k = 30.

002002 0.583 0.007 0.24 0.17 0.0790790790790791 0.393393393393393 0.471471471471471 0.056056056056056 0.016 0.001 0.001 0.982 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.994 0.00899100899100899 0.044955044955045 0.003996003996004 0.942057942057942 0.001 0.881 0.01 0.108 FIMO discovered 3 ISREs in the Helz-Beta promoter at marginal significance.