Excerpts

There was an increasing trend in overweight/obesity, a declining trend in thinness, and a minimal increase in stunting.

In addition, the difference between treated and control schools in the share of classrooms that had soap which appeared to be in use is highly significant at midline (31.8 percentage points).

The inter-provincial migrants constituted the majority (65.74%) of HIV-infected pregnant women in Zhejiang, with an increasing trend over the study period.

Regarding self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms, there was an increasing trend in participants reporting “never” having depressive feelings over the survey years (Fig. 5 ).

While the observed associations were statistically highly significant, the effect sizes were modest (e.g., β ≈ − 0.7 between the highest and lowest exposure groups).

(3) Accommodation and catering industry GDP and east-west wind speed exhibited marginally significant associations, highlighting the potential synergistic risks posed by economic factors and extreme weather under climate change. ​Conclusion This study uncovers the asymmetric drivers of seasonal FBD patterns in a coastal city, providing crucial scientific evidence for refining seasonal prevention and control strategies against FBD in coastal city settings amidst global climate change.

Nevertheless, the large and highly significant AME suggests that population density is a strong predictor of concentrated summer outbreaks, likely through increased human contact and transmission opportunities.

Overall, the accuracy showed a decreasing trend as the recall rate increases.

There was a notable decline attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, dropping to 204 cases in 2020 (3.54%, 77.89/100,000), followed by an increasing trend leading to a peak of 1028 cases in 2023 (17.85%, 285.21/100,000).

The rise in congenital syphilis cases from 2020 to 2024 has been quite significant, with an 81.8% increase [ 4 ].

However, there was a marginal significance between ex-smokers and higher OABSS scores.

These figures reflect a worrying trend when compared with global population estimates, such as those of Guthold et al.

For women in Côte d’Ivoire, those with more than secondary education becomes marginally significant, albeit in the same direction.

From the perspective of infectious diseases with different transmission routes, we found that after the implementation of the “Class B infectious disease Class B management” policy, the number of cases and deaths of most of the infectious diseases has increased, with the increase in the number of cases of dengue fever being extremely significant.

The role of international organizations and donors like International Organization for Migration (IOM), World Food Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO) may be significant as they will support the idea of inclusive humanitarian policies, fund pilot projects (e.g., voucher schemes or community-based food banks), and initiate bilateral collaboration between Bangladesh and a host country regarding emergency preparedness and response.

These associations are reinforced by our further finding [ 31 ], of a highly significant correlation between CTVBs & the Underprivileged Area 8 ('UPA8' or 'Jarman') scores [ 26 ] which are used to underpin the subsidy payments made to UK general practices in 'deprived' areas of the country.

The percentage of older people engaged in swimming (8.4%), dancing (16.0%) and running or jogging (2.1%)(borderline significance) increased in PolSenior2 as compared to PolSenior study.

In terms of video formats, animation videos on BiliBili showed a trend toward higher GQS (rank-biserial r = −0.35, p * = 0.079) and mDISCERN ( r = −0.23, p * = 0.259), though not statistically significant.

Only gender had a marginally significant modified effect on the association between Pb exposure and baPWV ( P interaction = 0.055).

Results Descriptive characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis cases A total of 38,667 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in the Jining city, Shandong provinces of China from 2009 to 2022, showing a decreasing trend yearly ( Table 1 ) .

Model selection and performance prediction metrics for all periods Crash-related referrals showed a decreasing trend over the study period (Fig. 1 a).

Between 2010 and 2020, fertility differences across the seven regions gradually narrowed, several regions converged toward similar low fertility levels, indicating an overall trend of between-region convergence despite remaining heterogeneity driven by outliers such as South Korea.

Our study also observed a decreasing trend in the percentage of individuals sitting for 2–4 h outside of work after 2017, alongside an increase in the percentage of individuals sitting for 4–6 h (Table 3 ).

The Northeast was the only region with a decreasing trend (AAPC = − 0.5704), suggesting more favorable mortality dynamics over time relative to other regions [ 17 – 19 ].

The Mann‒Kendall trend test was subsequently applied to assess whether changes in Z scores over time indicated a significant trend [ 28 ].