Excerpts

What’s more, the 95% CI of living with a spouse and child was (1.00, 1.32) which was so close to 1.00, meaning that such influence may be significant once we expand our sample size.

A decreasing trend of depressive symptoms was related to decreasing helplessness/pessimism.

Moreover, this research highlights a worrying trend whereby the existing workforce experiences long working hours and high levels of absenteeism, which could attract legal culpability.

This could suggest an increasing trend in cigarette smoking among 15–50 years old residents of Tehran.

Conversely, the distribution of subjects across the categories of socioeconomic status, employment status, and study level revealed a significant trend towards being employed and belonging to a high socioeconomic class for subjects with sufficient literacy.

Systematic review of published papers illustrated that, of 24 provinces, or regions, only 4 provinces (Hunan, Guangdong, Gansu, Jiangxi) showed a trend of increased mean blood Pb levels, and the prevalence of Pb poisoning [ 18 ].

Moreover, e-cigarette use was significantly associated with marijuana use (OR:4.17, 95% CI: 2.6–6.7) and alcohol use (OR: 5.08, 95% CI: 2.9–9.0), and approached significance with illicit drug use (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.0–2.9).

The highest difference was apparent in the youngest adults whereas the lowest difference was seen in 45 to 54-year-old subjects (Fig. 1 and Table 2 ).

Considering the epidemiological findings [ 1 , 3 ] of both PD and DIP, which show an increasing trend with age, and the fact that the aging population of many countries is increasing, more precise and up-to-date estimates of the prevalence and incidence of these disorders are needed to optimize the strategies for prevention and management [ 1 , 3 ].

In all age groups, the trends in the incidence of PD were approximately similar between the sexes and calendar year but a decreasing trend of PD incidence was observed particularly in the age group of 75–79 years.

For instance, a study in the UK has shown that generalized trust was the only social capital variable that has a positive and highly significant association with psychological health overtime [ 11 ].

Urban waste was significant in model 1 but borderline significant in model 2.

The only difference on the CEBQ between the intervention and control groups which came close to significance was for Emotional over-eating.

However, the 2-points difference on average (in favour of carers) was only marginally significant at the 10% level.

These findings do not support the suggestion that e-cigarettes have the potential to reduce social inequalities in smoking, since i) current evidence does not show a clear trend of higher e-cigarette use in population groups with higher tobacco consumption, and ii) the experience of smokeless tobacco suggests that – even where NCNP use is higher among low SES groups – this does not necessarily replace smoked tobacco use in these groups.

Under the global warming scenarios, heat-related YLL showed an increasing trend, while the cold-related YLL showed a decreasing trend.

During the study period, a decreasing trend was observed for all diagnoses and overall the annual incidence rate (IR) declined from 5.5 to 4.5 per 100,000 children.

Our findings may be extremely significant for preventing diseases and improving health, furthermore, reducing people’s financial burden on healthcare and improving the life quality.

Our findings may be significant for preventing diseases and improving health, furthermore, reducing people’s financial burden on healthcare.

A quarterly projection for 2019 and 2020 showed an increasing trend with the second quarter of each year likely to have the highest reported cases of measles.

The odds of members from intervention clubs, relative to control clubs, drinking at risky levels at follow-up, ranged from 0.65–0.71, an effect which approached significance.

Moreover, models of attitude structure as the TPB, appear to offer very little in the way of selecting the highly significant predictors to guide interventions’ set up [ 6 ].

While the risk of transmission may be significant in the pre-diagnosis, pre-treatment and very early treatment periods, risk likely declines rapidly with effective treatment.

those born after the CHC training was completed) was 23.5% in the Classic CHC villages compared to 23% the Lite and 27% in the Control - a 3.5% improvement which could have been interpreted as a positive trend by the cRCT, given such minimal input on nutrition.

Conclusions Quasi-significant results indicate that recent increases in opioid-related deaths driven by illicit, synthetic opioids tended to be larger in provinces where reductions in prescription opioid availability have been more extensive.