Excerpts

Animals drinking heated water had better total weight gain (TWG) after the experiment, and the increase was extremely significant (2.700 ± 1.578 kg for CW and 4.795 ± 2.080 kg for HW; p = 0.011).

Furthermore, PL had highly significant effects on all bone mineralization parameters, as the P-def diet reduced tibia fresh weight (from 14.9 to 13.5 g; p = 0.011), dry matter percentage (from 50.6 to 43.3%; p < 0.001), dry weight (from 7.53 to 5.86 g; p < 0.001), ash percentage (from 43.4 to 35.7%; p < 0.001), and ash weight (from 3.26 to 2.09 g; p < 0.001).

However, the inclusion of CART in combination with FSH resulted in a modest reduction in LEF1 expression compared to that in the untreated control group (0×FSH); this reduction reached a noticeably significant level in the absence of FSH ( p < 0.0125). 3.8.

Cosinor analyses revealed 24 h rhythmicity for NR1D2 and PER2 and approached significance for CRY1 ( p = 0.013, p = 0.013, and p = 0.051, respectively) in week 20 in the treatment group only.

HDP was significantly higher when OTM supplementation was included as total replacement of ITM (RMD = +1.52) ( Table 6 ), and tended towards significance ( p = 0.017) when supplemented in basal diets ( Table 5 ).

Year-by-treatment interaction was also highly significant ( p = 0.02).

When the sexes were considered separately, there was no significant difference in the number of behavior problems between intact (median = 5, range: 0–9) and neutered (median = 3, range: 0–9) male cats, although the difference approached significance ( p < 0.02).

However, these differences did not withstand post-hoc comparisons with a Bonferroni-corrected level of significance of 0.01, but showed a strong trend towards significance on the first ( p = 0.02, connection to EEG-recording system in the test group) and the last day ( p = 0.012, PET measurement in the test group) of the experiment. 3.3.2.

Foraging time showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, with significant differences between 20 °C and 32 °C (F 2,33 = 4.304, p = 0.022) ( Figure 4 B).

The difference between the 16–30 years and 60 years plus age category GAM parameter estimates was highly significant ( p = 0.025) as obtained from the corresponding t-statistic, while for the other two age categories parameter estimates were not significantly different from the estimate for the 16‒30 years age category ( Figure 6 ).

The total numbers of birds observed, regardless of location, were similar between the different treatments at age 34 weeks, but treatment differences increased with age; at age 70 weeks, the greatest number of birds were observed for PB and the least for R ( Figure 3 b) (marginally significant interaction age.time.treatment, Wald 12 /ndf = 1.94 by GLMM; p = 0.026).

In addition, cases were more likely to have had diarrhea within the previous two months compared to controls, although with a conservative Bonferroni correction approach, this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.03). 3.6.

Using the same approach, we analysed the effects of day and night (i.e., circadian rhythm) and found a discrete, but consistent difference with significantly higher values at nighttime in the cages with the males ( p = 7.4 × 10 −16 ); in the cages with the females this covariation was smaller and only weakly significant ( p = 3 × 10 −2 ) (see Supporting Materials, Figure S3 ).

At increasing levels of CP, the ATTD of dry matter followed a negative trend, outlined by the significance of linear regression ( P = 0.032), while the digestibility of CP increased ( P = 0.005).

This effect was highly significant at 7 days ( p = 0.032, η 2 = 0.328), 21 days ( p = 0.005, η 2 = 0.490) and 42 days ( p = 0.008, η 2 = 0.461).

Unmarked MP cagemates ( p = 0.001), and possibly EP+A mice ( p = 0.034; a nonsignificant trend), grimaced the most.

Individual chi-square tests revealed a significant association between active or not active behavior and visitor density level for all three fiddler rays (fiddler 1: χ 2 = 16.392, p < 0.001; fiddler 2: χ 2 = 10.274, p = 0.016; fiddler 3: χ 2 = 27.306, p < 0.001), as well as a trend toward significance for southern stingray 3 (χ 2 = 8.486, p = 0.037) and southern stingray 2 (χ 2 = 7.401, p = 0.060.

For pairwise genetic differentiation, Kst revealed significant differentiation between Pantesco and both Grigio (Kst = 0.133, p < 0.001) and Ragusano (Kst = 0.313, p < 0.001), whereas differentiation between Grigio and Ragusano was low but slightly significant (Kst = 0.049, p = 0.038) ( Table S1 ).

It was determined that angle rotated was a marginally significant predictor of gestation length (r 2 = 0.009, β 1 = 0.000396, p = 0.038).

Even after correcting for baseline variability, the superior ADG of the T2 group remained highly significant ( p = 0.038).

In addition, the treatment × age interaction was marginally significant ( χ 2 1 = 4.26, p = 0.039).

There were marginally significant breed × beak treatment interactions for minimum all ( p = 0.039), maximum all ( p = 0.013), and maximum IP ( p = 0.025) mortality.

The slightly significant effect of the parity order on the kindling rate ( p = 0.039) can be explained by the fact that all the females with serious fertility problems (i.e., low litter size, severe mastitis, sore hocks or poor body condition) were excluded over the course of the study.

As expected based on the selection criteria, the clinicopathological screening, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), assessed as indicators of potential immune activation, did not reveal any values outside the reference intervals in either age group, despite a marginally significant ( p = 0.040) trend toward lower hematocrit (Ht) values and a significantly higher concentration of globulin fractions in older animals, resulting in a reduced albumin-to-globulin ratio, as previously reported in the literature [ 15 , 49 , 50 ].

Cadmium treatment decreased the size of lab workers, but the extent of the effect differed depending on the level of both habitat and hibernation conditions (marginally significant treatment–habitat–conditions interaction, X 1 = 4.17 p = 0.041, Figure 3 ).