Excerpts

However, within each of the three decades, the increasing rate of NPP showed a decreasing trend of 20.8% per decade.

Our results showed an increasing trend for NPP at the rate of 0.076 g C m −2 a −1 from 1981–2012 (about 7.9% from 1982 to 1999), which was greater than the global rate (about 6% from 1982 to 1999) 8 .

When plotting the standard deviation versus the rank of the mean, an ideal method would produce a parallel line to the x-axis where some random fluctuations might exist but without exhibiting an overall trend.

As described above, we found a marginally significant association of the COL11A1 gene with pneumococcal meningitis susceptibility.

A clear trend is observed for I off ; it increases rapidly with increasing t below 100 nm.

Highly significant is the shift in THP binding to MT1-MMP compared with MMP-1 (see Fig. 4 ).

In PLN, RRV-infected NOD mice showed a possible trend for increased interferon-γ production by CD8 + T cells on day 5 ( Fig. 6f ), and interferon-γ levels increased on day 7 in NOD.IFNAR1 −/− mice.

Remarkably, a highly significant correlation is obtained between the confidence levels that the SVM classifier assigns to an RGM triplet and the strength of the gene expression-metabolites correlation observed in the measured data (Spearman ρ > 0.62, P-value < 1.7e-13 for all three tests described above, Fig. 2A , Supplementary Figure S1 ).

Besides findings from Mikrotia , a marked trend towards aridification on Gargano archipelago has been also invoked through the evolutionary pattern found in the lagomorph Prolagus (a very distant relative of extant pikas) 44 , and the disappareance in biozone 4 of micromammals normally present in all localities, as is the case of the cricetids that cease to exist in the area interval 44 .

Given the large sample size and marginally significant results in the cluster size test, the present results may seem to suggest a relatively small effect size at least in the given single voxels.

Additionally, a highly significant interaction was seen in the thalamus at the location of the right medial geniculate nucleus (MGN; see Figure S2D ), potentially suggesting some effect of FC plasticity.

However, this interval is also characterized by an overall trend towards greater C 3 plant abundance and a decrease in the sensitivity of vegetation to changes in precipitation.

At the same time, there may be significant trade-offs associated with high tree cover within various specific land use types, farming systems, or with changing climatic conditions e.g. concerning productivity, food security or hydrologic balances 6 8 .

On the other hand, the ensemble mean in NAT showed a positive trend, indicating that the observed negative trend may not be explained without considering anthropogenic forcing.

The area-weighted average of global mass changes in observations and the ALL experiment showed a negative trend, in particular after the 1980s ( Fig. 3 ).

There is a roughly symmetric distribution on the QTL effects caused by the japonica and indica alleles with a slight trend towards the Lemont ( japonica ) allele having a positive effect ( Fig. 2 ).

The interannual evolution of the spatially averaged EP shows a decreasing trend of 0.0055 m 2 s −1 dec −1 which represents a decrement on the order of 2.5% of the mean EP intensity over the whole period of time ( Fig. 5b ).

Jeddi and Chaieb 23 observed that soil respiration exhibited an increasing trend as the duration of grazing exclusion increased.

Overall, an increasing trend was observed in the distance from the index to the little finger, and the distance between p1 of the index and the little fingers was 27.3 mm, which showed a significant difference.

In the case of FM propagation, changes to the particle speeds were slow, but the plot shows a clear trend towards higher speeds with increasing particle number.

Our findings of an increasing trend in A(H3N2) mutation rates echo the findings of Shih and colleagues 15 .

However, as in the Drosophila gut, polysome formation was not perfectly correlated with the incorporation of 35 S radio-labeled amino acids into proteins, because we detected a highly significant 44% reduction in incorporation rate in muscle and a 19%, although non-significant, reduction in the liver of Irs1 knockout mice ( Fig. 2b ).

Seasonality of imported DF There was an increasing trend of seasonal variability of imported DF cases from 2004 to 2013 ( Fig. 3 ).

This indicates that epiphytic bryophytes may be significant competitors for N in the stemflow and throughfall, which could have potential consequences for the plant community structure and nutrient cycling at the ecosystem level 47 , 48 .

Meanwhile, springtime rainfall exhibits a positive trend near the west coast of the Indo-China Peninsula, the southern South China Sea, and the southern Philippine Sea.