Excerpts

There was no significant difference in the content of LDH in the blood between the cortisol group and control group, but the LDH content showed a decreasing trend.

OS also showed a 0.7-month increase in the S-1-based combination therapy group, although this was only of borderline significance.

Although grassland presents a decreasing trend, while, its area has increased dramatically in recent years, mainly due to the Jiangsu government’s coastal land use plan to plant 333 km 2 of grass area artificially in coastal Jiangsu 16 .

Water areas present an increasing trend, which is most obvious between 2000 and 2005; this is due to the development of aquaculture, as many land areas have been excavated as fish ponds 39 .

During month 3 to year 1 of treatment, there was an overall trend toward decreasing levels of all the cytokines/chemokines tested in both groups.

During the first 3 months of antiviral treatment, an increasing trend in levels of IL-6, PDGF-BB and RANTES was observed in both patient groups, while a trend toward increasing levels of IL-8 and IFN-γ was observed exclusively in patients with HBeAg seroconversion.

However, animals in the DHA-treated group showed a trend towards slightly lower heart rate (HR) compared to control animals.

The Simpson index in our study showed a decreasing trend ( Table 1 ) and reflected the increasing heterogeneity of ecosystems from glacial snow to glacial soil.

Inspired by this special “three-layer” structure, it may be significant to develop and research new membranes in order to improve the monovalent anion selectivity and antifouling property.

Odds ratios for edentulism and self-rated health were quantitatively similar to the main analyses and showed a trend for association in the 31–49 years and 50–60 years age groups ( eTable 2 ).

Increases in levels of other Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α were hardly significant in all treatment groups compared to the mice treated with saline control ( Supplementary Figure 1a,b ), suggesting that Th1-mediated inflammation was mild.

Additional analyses indicated that the simple main effects of cue type in the 4-month-olds ( F (1, 38) = 4.20, p = 0.047, η p 2 = 0.10) was significant and that of infant age under the upper-original condition ( F (1, 76) = 2.964, p = 0.089, η p 2 = 0.04) was marginally significant.

Moreover, although the supplementary analysis revealed a partially significant preference for implied direction in the younger infants, the analyses using the smaller sample (Experiment 1, 2 and 3a) revealed no significant preference in this group.

These correlations remain highly significant after the exclusion of the Northeast Siberian group with the highest AMY2A deletion frequency (data not shown).

Although clinical trials have shown that sunscreen use is associated with reduction of skin cancer development, particularly squamous cell tumors 8 , 9 , an increasing trend of skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, has been observed in the real world setting 10 , 11 , 12 , despite the increasing prevalence of sunscreen use.

Differences between groups of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant, respectively.

BMP-4, Meox2 and HoxA2 showed a trend in the direction of change observed in the original cohort although statistical significance was not achieved ( Fig. 2 ).

However, overweight and combined overweight/obesity prevalence showed an increasing trend 22 .

The regression line did not fit the skeletally mature group better because the data points are clustered and do not show a clear trend.

In some cases, mammalian cells respond similarly to knockdown or knockout, but in others there may be significant differences in phenotypes that result from transient silencing of gene expression compared to complete null genotype.

The only exception, which reports data (across a broad range of temperatures) that exhibit a decreasing trend in cooling time with increasing initial temperature, is that of Mpemba & Osborne 8 .

This suggests that any inaccuracies in the measurement of temperature may be significant.

Other miRNAs that approached significance included miR-3553, miR-24-3p, miR-219a-5p, miR-411-5p (upregulated due to stress) and miR-3577 (downregulated due to stress).

In developing countries, such as India, where combustion sources are prolific, the influence of brown carbon on absorption may be significant.

Thus, in the subgroup analysis, there was a significant positive trend among women without dysglycaemia ( P for trend = 0.003), but was only marginally significant among individuals with prediabetes or diabetes ( P for trend = 0.088).