Barely Significant

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a trend toward significanceP < 0.12.0× alpha
For the multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression model, we included factors that were significant or that showed a trend toward significance ( P < 0.1) in a univariable model and performed backward elimination ( P < 0.05) using the “standard method” of removing the variable with the largest P -value.
marginally significantp<0.102.0× alphagold
We calculated the summary effect estimate using both fixed and random effect models, since the p-value for the test of homogeneity was marginally significant ( Table 3 ; p<0.10), which suggests some heterogeneity may be present and the variance between studies should be incorporated into the analyses to obtain confidence limits.
near-significantp<0.102.0× alphagold
Significant and near-significant (p<0.10) differences were then assessed further for independence in sequentially adjusted linear regression models: adjusting first for demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity); next for retinopathy, neuropathy and BMI; next for blood pressure and antihypertensive medication; and finally for HbA1c.