Excerpts

Moreover, in boys and girls, good and highly significant correlations of P1NP/ALPxALT with FLI were found (r = 0.508; p < 0.001 and r = 0.358; p = 0.002).

The overall effect size was large and highly significant (Z = 5.69, P < 0.001).

There was a highly significant increase in DIT after consuming the whole food meal compared to the more processed meal (whole food meal: 99.4 (40.7) kJ/h; processed meal: 63.9 (35.6) kJ/h, p < 0.001 for total kJ and p < 0.01 for total % ECM [ 26 ]). 3.7.

Hip circumference reductions were most pronounced in High Mono (−8.63 ± 4.50 cm) and High Carb (−7.97 ± 3.58 cm) groups, with highly significant between-group variation (F(6,277) = 11.65, p < 0.001).

The effect of history of recent hypercholesterolemia treatment was highly significant in the GLMs of both outcomes ( p < 0.001), and the achieved statistical power was β = 64.5 and β = 74.2 for LDL-C and TC, respectively.

In all models for HPDI ( Table 2 ), there was a significant trend ( p < 0.001–0.037) of lower risk of respiratory infection with higher consumption of healthy plant foods.

In vitamins, only thiamine showed a trend towards higher consumption with higher UP food consumption ( p < 0.001).

The chi-squared analysis showed the difference in GS reporting rates to be highly significant ( p < 0.001), while GFD ( p = 0.997) and CD ( p = 0.370) were non-significant.

In all groups of mothers there was a highly significant correlation between fish consumption and total HHg concentrations: riverine (Spearman r = 0.8089, p = 0.001), urban (Spearman r = 0.7681, p = 0.001), rural (Spearman r = 0.7644, p = 0.001), and tin miner (Spearman r = 0.1211, p = 0.001); thus, confirming total HHg as a reliable biomarker of fish consumption [ 16 ].

Radwan et al., 2021 reported an overall trend towards healthier eating during lockdown according to an increase in the self-reported quality and healthiness of food ( p < 0.001), a higher median ‘food quality score’ ( p < 0.001), and increased ratings of eating healthy food as very good/excellent ( p < 0.001), alongside increases in three markers of healthy eating ( p < 0.001), and decreases in three markers of unhealthy eating ( p < 0.001) in the presence of a decrease in one marker of healthy eating ( p < 0.001).

presented a greater reduction in ADHD-RS-IV parent-rated inattention scores (−7.74 ± 1.94) than did the placebo group (−5.34 ± 1.85), with a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001).

The differences between males and females are highly significant for the wheat variables (quantities, energy, and iron intake) ( p < 0.001) ( Table 2 a) but not for the rice variables ( Table 2 b).

One study found a negative trend in calcium intake across quintiles of free sugar intake in participants aged 4–10 years ( p < 0.001) and 11–18 years ( p < 0.01) [ 19 ], and another reported a negative trend across six free sugar cut-off levels ( p < 0.001) [ 38 ].

PERMANOVA analysis demonstrated a highly significant effect ( p = 0.001), indicating that both diet type and exercise significantly influence gut microbiota composition.

For the QGBI values, the LMM model shows highly significant effects ( p < 0.001) for both the measurement and the measurement × group interaction in the absence of any significant effect due to sex and age ( Table 3 ).

After controlling for potential confounders, significant or marginally significant and positive associations were observed between dietary intakes of total protein (standardized coefficient, β = 0.104 and 0.118, p < 0.001), animal protein ( β = 0.073 and 0.067, p < 0.05), and protein from white meat ( β = 0.074 and 0.067, p < 0.01) with changes in BMD at the femur neck and trochanter, respectively.

The difference between these two correlations (0.52 versus −0.13) was highly significant ( p < 0.001).

There was a statistically significant increasing trend of total energy ( p for trend < 0.001), and percent of energy from carbohydrates ( p for trend < 0.001), and total sugar intake ( p for trend < 0.001) moving from non-consumers up through the highest level of intake, while there was a decreasing trend in percent energy from total fat and protein ( p < 0.001, Table 3 ).

In reference to frozen fish consumption, small families and large families present similar behavior in the comparison between the two cohorts: monthly consumption shows a highly significant reduction ( p < 0.001 for small and large families), while we note a significant increase for weekly consumption ( p = 0.001 for small families and p < 0.001 for large families) and for biweekly consumption ( p = 0.027 for small families and p = 0.002 for large families).

The LMM model used for the FSS questionnaire ( Table 4 and Figure 3 ) identified highly significant effects ( p < 0.001) for measurements, treatments, and also for their interaction.

This study showed a highly significant ( p < 0.001) association of PRO and an increased risk of muscle loss [ 5 ].

Zooming in on critical interferon response genes, the heatmaps and GEE analyses of their combined z-score ( Figure 4 a,b) showed that, despite heterogeneity in timing between individuals, there was a highly significant interferon-induced response already on d3 in the low-dose group ( p < 0.001), and on d9 and d6 for the no- and high-dose group, respectively.

Proportion of low HGS was the greatest in the lowest quintile of serum vitamin E level (<10.51 mg/L, 57.1%), with a decreasing trend toward the highest vitamin E quintile (>17.81 mg/L, 43.6%; p < 0.001).

All extracts showed extremely significant inhibitory effects vs . control ( Figure 3 B, *** p < 0.001) depending on the concentration and the plant, except Abelmoschus and Hibiscus at 10 μg/mL, which increased the formation of free radicals, compared to the control.

Using the LMR cutoff (2.083), Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a pronounced survival separation: median survival was 2.7 months in the low-LMR group (≤2.083) versus 14.5 months in the high-LMR group (>2.083), with a highly significant log-rank difference ( p < 0.001) ( Figure 5 ).