Barely Significant

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borderline significantp = 0.0521.0× alphagold
The HR for Q2–4 combined as compared to Q1 was significant in the univariate analysis [1.42 (1.09–1.99), p = 0.046], but became borderline significant after adjusting for the variables in Model 3 [1.42 (1.00–2.04), p = 0.052], as shown in Table 4 .
Publication Bias and Quality Considerations The minimal evidence of publication bias (Egger’s regression coefficient = 0.54, 95% CI: −0.18 to 1.26, p = 0.128 approaching but not reaching significance; Begg’s rank correlation tau = 0.08, p = 0.052 indicating modest asymmetry; trim-and-fill analysis identifying only two potentially missing studies with minimal effect on conclusions) suggests that findings are not substantially distorted by selective publication of positive results.
tendency toward significancep = 0.0521.0× alphagold
However, a tendency toward significance ( p = 0.052) was observed at week 12 in the severity of dizziness, with three more participants reporting minimal and one participant rating slight severity of dizziness, with most of the change observed in the PE-1000 group.
marginally significantp = 0.0521.0× alphagold
All ANCOM2-detected differentially abundant bacteria between the two groups were also confirmed to be significant using the MaAsLin2 method ( p < 0.05) with or without adjusting for covariates, except Haemophilus parainfluenza , which was marginally significant ( p = 0.052) in MaAsLin2 after covariate adjustments.
near-significantp = 0.0521.0× alphagold
In the intervention group, results showed a near-significant difference between group means for change in total IBS-SSS score ( p = 0.052), and significant differences for ‘Diarrhea’ ( p < 0.001), ‘Constipation’ ( p < 0.001), ‘Bloating and flatulence’ ( p = 0.03) and ‘Intestinal symptom’s influence on daily life’ ( p = 0.038).