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This manipulation simulated the thermal landscape in wheat fields, whereby the temperature at different heights of wheat plants differs greatly at midday, showing an obvious trend of higher temperature at the upper part and lower temperature at the lower part 71 , 72 , which provides a temperature gradient for the aphids to regulate their body temperature by moving downward.
Accordingly, we subdivided the compiled Ordovician Δ 199 Hg profile into four intervals, including (1) a decreasing trend of Δ 199 Hg values during the early Tremadocian to middle Floian (~485-473 Ma), (2) a dominance of near-zero Δ 199 Hg values during the late Floian, followed by a decreasing trend from positive to near-zero values during the earliest to early Dapingian (i.e., the LFCE) (~473-468 Ma), (3) a gradual