Excerpts

This is a fairly significant increase on top of the IPCC scenario given that total increase in global temperature since the industrial revolution is about 1 °C 27 that can significantly increase the required speed and extent of future emission reductions.

This represents a highly significant bias toward antagonistic risk SNPs (binomial test p -values of 7.28×10 −15 and 1.99×10 −9 , comparing the frequency of antagonistic risk SNPs for degenerative ageing diseases and cancer to non-ageing-associated traits, respectively, Supplementary Note 8 ).

Analysis of synthesized aggrecan showed a negative trend between RGD peptide concentration and aggrecan volume (Fig. 3a, b ).

As observed with nuclear Sox9 fluorescence, there was also a positive trend between synthesized aggrecan and HAV peptide concentration (Fig. 3c, d ).

Furthermore, curves at a fixed HAV concentration along decreasing RGD concentration showed an increasing trend (Fig. 6f ), with the highest aggrecan volume observed on the high HAV concentration curve with a low concentration of RGD (Fig. 6f ).

Furthermore, the three curves feature a decreasing trend, with the lowest Sox9 value belonging to the high RGD concentration curve with lowest HAV concentration.

This series-level difference was highly significant with D103A, S198A, S202A mutations having more impact on catechol agonism, and S188I mutations showing more impact on non-catechol agonism when comparing Δpotency for all compounds in a class.

The same comparisons based on the mathematical model results are highly significant with p values of 9.82 × 10 −10 and 1.75 × 10 −5 .

Linear regression analysis in log space indicates that this decrease is modest but highly significant, slightly below 1% (with a 95% confidence interval of (0.89% 1.06%)) for each stimulation pulse, or about 18% drop in response strength over 20 rounds of stimulation (Supplementary Data 1 – 4 ).

A bootstrapped sampling of the datasets showed a trend toward increased performance with the inclusion of additional training data, indicating that we are recognizing an aggregate signal across datasets (Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

Notably, EDC4 depletion resulted in a highly significant reduction in the percentage of fluorescent cells (Fig. 4a, b ), indicating that EDC4 also participates in HR-mediated repair.

Genes encoding the urease accessory proteins ( ureF, ureG , and ureH ) were often found on these same scaffolds, with a strong trend of conserved architecture for this gene cluster (Supplementary Fig. 7 ).

A comparison of the NAO in RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 reveals no obvious NAO trend in the former, but a small trend towards more positive in the latter, such that the ensemble mean trend is about 0.4 standard deviation over 75 years.

The interaction term between forest loss and taxa type (Model 3) was marginally significant (Table 2 ) with elevational range shifts being lower in magnitude for plants than for animals under high forest loss (Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

When superimposed together, a clear trend can be seen where the slope of the relationship between in vitro and in vivo measurements increases with increasing growth rate (Fig. 1h ).

All the P 1–4 curves represent a decreasing trend in the θ ° ( d ) dependence, and lie between 1/ d 2 and 1/ d 4 power laws.

A comparison of this “quiescence signature” with the transcriptional response to OSM revealed highly significant enrichment (Fig. 2d ), which was independently confirmed by qPCR analysis (Supplementary Fig. 4b).

Out of the four CBS hotspots we examined, three of them were associated with nominally significant expression changes of neighboring genes ( CENPQ , KCNQ5 , and SPG20 ), and these associations were validated in an independent tumor cohort.

Highly significant correlations were observed bilaterally in the VS and DLPFC ROIs.

In fact, at 6 weeks post-administration of the higher AAV dose, Pcsk9 transcript levels were indistinguishable from non-treated controls and serum protein levels displayed an increasing trend relative to earlier time points.

The reperfusion amplitude also showed a trend of decline in non-responders and elevation in responders (Fig. 5h , Supplementary Fig. 9E ).

Among the most highly significant results, KRAS G12R appeared more strongly selected than other KRAS mutations, including KRAS G12C and G13D , in pancreatic cancer (Fig. 3a , Supplementary Fig. 7 ), as did BRAF V600E compared with other BRAF common mutations, including BRAF K601E , in thyroid, melanoma and colorectal cancer.

P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant (*) and P < 0.01 as highly significant (**).

1b and 2g ); and the total cholesterol (TCh) and low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-c) also showed a decreasing trend (Fig. 2h, i ).

In addition, echocardiography showed an increasing trend in the left ventricular wall and myocardial contractility as evidenced by a greater ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the hyperinsulinemic monkeys at 40 months of follow-up studies (Fig. 2k, l ).