Excerpts

The impact coefficient and the influence intensity exhibited an increasing trend from southwest to northeast.

Spatial Change in Land Use From 2008 to 2017, the overall land use change on Hainan Island showed a trend of cultivated land and built-up area increasing and forest land decreasing.

The landscape shape index of cultivated land was significantly higher than that of other land use types and showed an increasing trend overall, which indicated that the patch shape of cultivated land was becoming more complex.

These showed a decreasing trend overall, indicating that the aggregation of landscape patches in Hainan Island continued to weaken and the fragmentation degree increased.

The total number of annual papers fluctuated between the decades but increased from 20 in 2012 to 122 in 2021 and showed an increasing trend.

The Leaf Scale Since the plants were in the growing season, the chlorophyll content in the natural area showed an increasing trend during the investigation period.

Hence, it is extremely significant to monitor industrial land and intra-structure dynamics for industrial land management and industry transformation, but it is still a challenging task to effectively distinguish the internal structure of industrial land at a fine scale.

As illustrated in Figure 11 , the industrial intensity showed an increasing trend from the central urban area to rural areas, which indicated that the industrial size was increasing and the distribution was more centralized at the urban fringes.

The results showed that the HSDI of the BTH urban agglomeration increased and the overall sustainability improved; economic and social sustainability had an increasing trend, but environmental sustainability exhibited a downward tendency.

Therefore, oxidation of pyrite leads to elevated SO 4 2− in goaf water. (6) FeS 2 + 7 2 O 2 + H 2 O → Fe 2 + + 2 SO 4 2 − + 2 H + According to the changes of the conventional indexes of the goaf water in Section 4.2 , it can be seen that the pH, DO, and ORP of the goaf water show a decreasing trend with time.

Studies on carbon productivity changes in the spatial dimension have generally concluded that there are spatial differences in carbon productivity, with a decreasing trend in a stepwise manner in the eastern, central, and western regions of China [ 24 , 25 ].

With ICT manufacturing and service industries showing a clear trend of co-agglomeration in space, it has enormously contributed to economic development and environmental quality improvement.

From Figure 3 , we find that environmental regulations in the East, Central, and West regions all show an increasing trend, which indirectly indicates the role of the “race to the top” among environmental regulations.

Concerning the CDR, like the CIR, it generally showed a trend of first falling and then rising (AAPC = 2.5), initially decreasing from 1990 to 1993, then beginning to significantly rise from 1993 to 1998, followed by a sharp climb from 1998 to 2001 (AAPC = 7.9) and an upward trend thereafter.

The CIR generally showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend (AAPC = 0.6).

The urge to win and play created a sense of rushing attitude among athletes with an increasing trend of eSport prevalence.

However, an inspection of the scales’ distributions ( Figure 3 ) reveals that, while there is an overall trend of scores being slightly higher for the respondents who tested positive for COVID-19, the difference is far from striking, and it is especially small for the SIDAS score. 3.4.

In general, the abundance of the trace elements in urban sites with a decreasing trend in PM 2.5 was: Al, Fe > Ba > Zn > V > Cu > Cr > Pb, Ni > Sb > Mn > Mo > Sr > As > Rb > Li, Co > U; whereas the trend in PM 10 was: Al > Fe > Zn > Cu, Ba > Pb, V > Mn, Sb > Sr, Cr > Ni > Mo > Rb > As > Li > Co > U.

For instance, studies on AL have suggested that cultural issues might be significant since different societies can tolerate authority differently, and AL may also have different popularity in different cultures.

Descriptive Statistics Health expenditures in China showed a trend of continuous growth in our analysis.

The sustainable increasing trend of THEE as a share of GDP in China is different from the global trend, which has shown a decreasing trend since 2016.

Although the Chinese government has offered much propaganda and policy guidance in recent years, there is still no significant improvement in the area of breastfeeding and, in fact, there is a decreasing trend in pertinent knowledge and practice of breastfeeding in China.

[ 83 ] found an increasing trend in sedentary time among college students over the last decade, with an average of 9.82 h per day measured by accelerometers.

In addition, the effects of two follow-up durations on PA were significantly different, while the difference between the two intervention durations’ effects was marginally significant.

However, there was a contrasting pattern, especially between 1500–3000 m, where the K’ value showed an increasing trend.