Excerpts

Additionally, across three different levels of peer relationships, the mediating effect of the parent–child relationship also exhibits a decreasing trend (refer to Table 5 ).

The dimension Volitional Control consistently exhibited a highly significant reduction, aligning with the expected dream-like experiences during flotation-REST (see Flotation-REST ).

The second research question was: (RQ2) When examining the hierarchical effects of CL on students’ learning outcomes in a cross-domain analytical framework (affective, cognitive, physical, social), how does the measurable effect trend? The meta-analytic findings revealed that the effect of CL on students’ learning outcomes exhibited statistically significant differences across learning domains in PE: The highest standardized ES was observed for social domain (0.612), followed by a decreasing trend for cognitive (ES = 0.589), physical (ES = 0.471) and affective (ES = 0.304) domains.

After controlling for mystical experience, the effect of aesthetic experience remained significant for quality of life ( β = 0.14, p < 0.05), depression ( β = 0.19, p < 0.01), and anxiety ( β = 0.16, p < 0.05), while sleep quality ( β = 0.11, p = 0.07) and alcohol use ( β = 0.10, p = 0.09) approached significance.

Results with uncorrected p -values below 0.05 but above the Bonferroni threshold were reported as nominally significant.

However, the mean scores of empathy levels showed an increasing trend, indicating that the empathy levels of first-year students improved gradually after a semester of study and life experience.

Neither age [ F (1,1,038) = 2.80, p = 0.095, η 2 p = 0.003] nor the interaction between gender and sample [ F (2,1,038) = 2.71, p = 0.067, η 2 p = 0.005] showed significant effects, though the latter was marginally significant.

This apparently led to partially significant differences in terms of task performance, but not in terms of the different dimensions of NASA RTLX and listening effort between these two tests.

The non-significant correlation coefficients may suggest an overall trend of weak-to-medium correlations of observed aggression with trait questionnaires’ total scores, although still weaker than those found in the combined sample.

Figure 3 shows the simple slope analysis diagram, at both the levels of only and non-only child, the mediating effect of AA between SC and MAP showed a decreasing trend.

Accuracy was found to be transferable only among the Spanish-English bilingual group, while cross-language transfer of word reading fluency was highly significant for both groups.

However, the delayed conversion stage showed a marked trend: the treatment group's delayed conversion rate was 0.205%, representing a 42.36% increase over the control group.

However, in this study, no open-ended responses explicitly used terms such as “spiritual” or “religious.” Therefore, it is predicted that even if Japanese travelers experience substantial spiritual changes through TTE, they may not recognize these changes as “spiritual.” This tendency suggests that while the transformative effects of TTE may be significant, their interpretation within the Japanese cultural context does not necessarily align with conventional Western conceptions of spirituality. 6.4.

Though changes in compassion and empathy were clearly observed, the racist attitude measure did not show any effects, and the reduction in stigmatizing thoughts only approached significance.

The analysis of mentor support and research creativity reveals a clear trend: fourth-year > third-year > second-year > first-year.

The model was highly significant ( F = 21.78, R 2 = 0.48), indicating that the predictors collectively explain 48% of the variance in counterproductive work behavior.

Age consistently emerged as a highly significant positive predictor for the acquisition of unique words in almost all examined lexical categories.

The Within-group coefficient difference p -value of 0.0872* insinuated, to a certain degree, a marginally significant difference among the within-group coefficients, thus verifying Hypothesis H1a.

There may be significant differences in career development and future expectations between knowledge workers and manual workers.

After adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg corrections, we confirmed these results for dreams appearing more strange, bizarre, and scary but found that aggression was only marginally significant.

Results We included 728 papers in the analysis and noted an increasing trend in annual publication volume.

Although the interaction effect on household garbage classification recycling is only marginally significant, the results still reveal a potential interaction between message framing and goal progress in influencing consumers’ household garbage classification recycling behavior, suggesting that further analysis is warranted.

In Figure 2 , which shows the relationship between the Total Burnout Score and the Exhaustion Score, a positive trend is observed: as burnout increases, exhaustion also increases, suggesting a positive correlation between the two variables.

Therefore, it is both theoretically and practically significant to explore the connotations and structural dimensions of leadership taking charge behavior within the Chinese cultural context and develop corresponding localized scales.

Overall, findings showed a significant increase in psychopathological symptoms among both members of couples Childless and Pursuing Treatments (CPT) and a decreasing trend among members of couples who achieved Parenthood after Successful Treatments (PST) or by Adoption (PA), mainly among men.