4 Discussion 4.1 Change characteristics of vegetation and meteorological factors and their relationship with yield Through the analysis of spectral reflectance frequency curves ( Figure 3 ), winter wheat exhibits an overall trend of “ Spectral compression and peak migration” across the three growth stages, reflecting the phasic changes in spectral response to vegetation growth.
3.8 Linear regression analysis of pollen diffusion effects on outcross setting rate As shown in Table 4 , the t -test results indicated that both the number of sterile rows and pollen quantity had highly significant effects on the dependent variable (outcrossing seed-setting rate), with P -values less than 0.01.
Notably, the expression level in X-71 showed a decreasing trend after inoculation.
The statistical significance of expression differences was determined using an independent-samples t-test, with *p* < 0.05 considered significant and *p* < 0.01 considered highly significant. 3.
3.1 Detection of broadleaf weed: Limnocharis flava The classification performance for Limnocharis flava (Blw_Lf) using UAV-based hyperspectral imagery across different growth stages shows a clear trend in favor of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier ( Figure 4 ).
A significant trend observed is the drastic reduction in mixed vegetation coverage, which declined from 7.71% at 15 DAS to 5.74% at 25 DAS, and finally to just 1.42% at 30 DAS ( Figure 7 ).
Vegetation cover analysis showed an increasing trend in BLW expansion over time, while rice cover fluctuated and soil cover declined, indicating the competitive dominance of weeds.
SPAD Under the same environmental conditions, the SPAD values of rice leaves under different nitrogen application rates exhibited an initial increase followed by a decreasing trend throughout the growth cycle ( Figure 2 ).
Twenty-one module-metabolite pairs exhibited correlation coefficients > 0.9 or < -0.9 ( P < 0.01), of which the turquoise module displayed highly significant positive or negative associations with five distinct metabolites, and the brown and black modules each correlated strongly with four metabolites.
Interestingly, we observed a decreasing trend in the correlation between leaf N and P concentrations from primary forests adjacent to the reservoir to primary forests and secondary forests.
With the increase in the number of Monte Carlo iterations, the number of selected bands gradually decreased and tended to stabilize, while the RMSECV showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing ( Figure 6A ).
Although, very severe stress (0/50% FC) induced a highly significant increase of 28.71%.
Under water stress treatments, the concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in Lavandula coronopifolia generally showed an increasing trend, although differences were not statistically significant.
The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that seed treatments had a marginally significant effect on the rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition ( Figure 6A ).
Specifically, soil pH showed a decreasing trend with increasing K 2 SO 4 fertilizer application amount.
Notably, under combined nitrogen–phosphorus addition, RN in absorptive roots showed a slight but non-significant increase, suggesting only a marginal trend rather than a clear functional shift in nutrient uptake.
There was a definite trend of decreasing P p in the TB, T0, and CDI after irrigation, followed by a gradual rise throughout the irrigation cycle ( Figure 2 ).
tuberosus existence shows a decreasing trend, with most H. tuberosus growing at altitudes of approximately 0–3700 m.
Pure bamboo forests showed further reduction in total P, Citrate-P, Enzyme-P, and HCl-P, along with reduced CaCl 2 -P (except summer and winter) ( p < 0.05), with most P fractions (except CaCl 2 -P in summer, Citrate-P and HCl-P in summer and autumn, and Enzyme-P in summer) being lower in these stands than in mixed forests, which showed a decreasing trend with increasing expansion intensity.
Furthermore, in maize and sorghum, the number of BBXs in maize showed an increasing trend, while the number of BBXs in sorghum continued to decrease; the number of BBXs in Setaria species (foxtail millet and green millet) decreased to 16 and 17 ( Supplementary Figure 2 ).
The qRT-PCR results showed a highly significant positive correlation with the RNA-seq data ( Supplementary Figure 3 ; Supplementary Table 2 ). 3.5 Integrated multi-evidence analysis identifies TraesCS6B03G1211800 as the causal candidate To robustly prioritize the causal gene from the 25 candidates and mitigate the risk of false negatives from expression screening alone, we employed a multi-layered evidence integration strategy.
In the whole panel of wheat genotypes, a significant and positive correlation was observed for β-glucan with arabinoxylan (r = 0.52), D-xylose (r = 0.52), and protein (r = 0.58), whereas with starch and thousand-grain weight, β-glucan shows a highly significant and negative correlation (r = −0.63 and r = −0.51, respectively) ( Figure 3A ).
Statistical analysis showed an increasing trend in pollen amount from the anther half-exposed stage to the filament-elongated stage, followed by a marked decrease from the filament-elongated stage to the browning stage ( Figure 4 ). 3.4.
Peroxidase (POD) activity also showed an increasing trend ( Figure 11F ).
In contrast, RSb (RS3) showed highly significant inter-generational differences with a broad-sense heritability below 0.5.