Excerpts

A P -value < 0.05 was regarded as significant and <0.01 as highly significant for all tests.

The correlations between the environmental variables and the community structure were highly significant considering both the pooled data (5 lakes and layers; Table 1A ), and the single lakes ( Table 1B ) and layers ( Table 1C ) separately.

However, eCO 2 decreased the concentration of lignin with a marginal significance.

A positive trend between the number of reads and NoV concentrations was observed after using VirCapSeq-VERT.

oeni strains had a highly significant hit with EstB28 gene ( WP_011677767.1 , alpha/beta hydrolase) from Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 strain.

The increase in the IL-17C gene was markedly significant among the four IL-17-related cytokines.

The majority of dominant taxa such as Proteobacteria (especially Beta - and Gamma-proteobacteria ), Bacteroidetes , Gemmatimonadetes , and Firmicutes show higher relative abundance in soils with lower carbon or nitrogen contents, while abundance of Actinobacteria shows a negative trend ( Burns et al., 2015 ).

Resistance of Gram-positive bacteria is generally stable or even decreasing in Europe, whereas resistance to Gram-negative bacteria (such as Enterobacterales ) has an increasing trend in several European countries ( EARS-Net, 2018 ).

This may be significant since the immune response would be expected to play a major role in clearance of microbes from the airways, and therefore exerts a selective pressure on the microbial community.

An interesting trend was observed in the transition of microbial contaminants from the hide (BH) to the carcase groups (BC1, BC2, and BC3) in abattoir B, which was not observed in abattoir A.

We note also that the overlap between the ArcZ and Fur regulons was nearly significant ( P adj = 0.069).

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), an emerging food-borne pathogen, has been observed in an increasing trend recently.

Concerning PH, even though exhibiting different heights in the control situation, lower in Duilio and higher in Marco Aurelio, both cultivars showed a similar positive influence from biochar treatment; indeed, the height increases resulting from B1− in a sharper fashion ( p < 0.003 in V1 and p < 0.004 in V2) and B2− in a stronger fashion ( p < 0.000 in both V1 and V2) were highly significant ( Figure 4 , black bars).

Since SAM is essential for many cellular transmethylation reactions (e.g., epigenetic regulation) ( Strauss and Reyes-Dominguez, 2011 ), and SAH may be an inhibitor of cellular methyltransferases ( Burgos et al., 2012 ), there may be significant antifungal drug target potential associated with the overproduction of BmGT or inhibition of GliK activity- both of which may cause SAM dissipation.

Analysis of the GC content from metagenomic reads showed a trend, independently of the depth, toward a GC of ca . 41% 14 h post-confinement ( Supplementary Table S1 ), value previously found for the winter samples ( Haro-Moreno et al., 2018 ).

coli 1320 that carried both bla NDM– 5 and mcr-1 displayed a highly significant synergistic response to this combination across the range of drug concentrations tested, with a clear peak at 0.5 mg/L tigecycline and 1 or 2 mg/L colistin ( Figure 2A ).

Selection on Firmicutes Compared with the NC group, as shown in this study, Virginiamycin extremely significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the cecum of broilers aged 21 days, and this shift was accompanied by an extremely significant decrease in Clostridium_perfringens and increases in Anaerofustis by several times.

Butyrate was the most susceptible SCFA in intestinal microecology of premature infants and showed a trend of fluctuation.

The diversity of gut microbiota in premature infants of BM group showed an increasing trend, while the diversity of gut microbiota in FM group premature infants was almost unchanged, which was not completely consistent with the previous research results ( Cong et al., 2017 ).

The ability of intimin to also bind β–integrins may be significant in this regard ( Phillips and Frankel, 2000 ).

coli strains from a pediatric patient with a history of travel to the Far East countries strongly highlight an increasing trend and risk of importation from such areas.

While there was a clear trend suggesting that P. aeruginosa strains were more pathogenic than K. pneumoniae which in turn was more pathogenic than A. baumannii , there was strain to strain variation not just in terms of ability to kill C. elegans but also in terms of food aversion and clearance.

ostreatus metabolites under continuous heat stress demonstrated that amino acids continuously changed with heat stress, nucleotides clearly changed with heat stress at 12 and 48 h, and lipids exhibited an increasing trend with prolonged heat stress, while few types saccharides and vitamins changed under heat stress.

For example, the only reaction which always shows an increasing trend (shown by ∗ in Table 4 ) is R06977 .

Also, a significant decrease of Faecalibacterium in patients with CD is often described as highly significant ( Sokol et al., 2008 , 2016 ; Rajca et al., 2014 ; Takahashi et al., 2016 ).