Excerpts

The results were expressed as the means ± standard deviations (SD), ns represents no statistical difference between the two groups, * represents significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and ** represents extremely significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).

We found a weak trend of an inverse correlation between the T score and the ability of T cells to secrete IFNγ in absence of IL-27 (R = −0.67, p = 0.011), ( Figure 3A ) .

Interestingly, activated eTreg (CD4 + CD25 hi CD127 low CD45RO + CCR4 + HLA-DR + ) showed an increasing trend from 3 to 7 years, were more marked in the 5–7-year range (median 22.8% at 1-3 years vs 34.4% at 5-7 years; p = 0.012), and the frequency decreased thereafter ( Supplementary Figure 4G ).

In fact, we observed a highly significant treatment effect on JA in the entire dataset and also when analysing each genotype with individual ANOVAs, while we detected only marginally significant differences among the mutants and the WT ( Figure 4B , p = 0.012 for genotype and p = 0.453 for the interaction).

Particularly, VAT showed a trend towards lower values in the TRG3 group (no tumor regression) (p=0.014), suggesting association between decreased visceral depots and non-responsive tumors.

Similarly, excluding MR-Egger (OR = 1.037, 95% CI: 0.865–1.244, p = 0.695) and the Simple model (OR = 1.150, 95% CI: 0.988–1.339, p = 0.076), other methods supported the nominally significant causal association between CD and PBC (weighted median OR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.020–1.192, p = 0.014; weighted model OR = 1.108, 95% CI: 1.026–1.196, p = 0.011) ( Figure 2 ).

Therefore, even if the HLA-B40 antigen remained weakly significant after correction for multiple-testing, the alleles lost statistical significance (P = 0.016, Pc = 0.24).

Total cholesterol and LDL and showed a positive trend with the levels of TNFα secretion by T cells (R = 0.60, p = 0.016 and R = 0.60, p = 0.012 respectively) but did not reach statistical significance ( Figure S3F ).

When excluding patients with autoimmune disease and gestational diabetes, the LASSO model remained highly significant (cross-validated p -value = 0.016) and robust (AUC = 0.83).

In addition, the concentrations of IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α in the peripheral blood of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer showed an increasing trend (one-way ANOVA, GM-CSF control vs stage IV, p = 0.0176; TNF-α stage II vs stage IV, p = 0.0378), suggesting a possible restoration of M1 macrophage-mediated anti-tumor function in colorectal cancer patients with distant metastases.

Further, there was an increasing trend of CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh cell count in the GUDCA group ( p = 0.02, Figures 3A, B ).

The pooled HR is 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.98), indicating a marginally significant overall effect (P = 0.02).

The results showed a trend of survival benefit for potentially sensitive sarcomas compared to others in terms of PFS ( P =0.02) and OS ( P =0.03) ( Figures 2E, F ).

These differences were highly significant ( p ≤ 0.02).

The analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the infection group, while IL-17A did not reach statistical significance as depicted in the heatmap (21.26 pg/ml vs. 7.63 pg/ml, p = 0.0210; 20.38 pg/ml vs. 13.02 pg/ml, p = 0.0050; 10.99 pg/ml vs. 5.63 pg/ml, p < 0.001, respectively, Figure 5 ).

The association between “unclassified_Bacteria” and RF positivity was nominally significant (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.022, Supplementary Table 5 ), though it did not remain significant after FDR correction ( q = 0.391).

Spearman correlation analysis revealed that CD15 expression was significantly and negatively correlated with the proportion of NK cells among peripheral blood nucleated cells (Spearman r = -0.380, P = 0.004) and showed a borderline significant negative correlation with the percentage of NK cells relative to total lymphocytes (Spearman r = -0.304, P = 0.022).

In the LIN4 - CD45 dim CD34 + , viral load showed a trend of a negative correlation with the expression levels of CD49f (R= -0.420, p = 0.022), and the frequency of CD4 and CD8 HLADR + CD38 + was negatively associated with the expression of CD31 (R= -0.465, p =0.014 and R=- 0.584, p = 0.001 respectively).

Subjects with asthma/allergic diseases had lower post-vaccination HAI titer for H3N2 strain than the rest of the vaccinees, which was nominally significant (β = −0.167, P = 0.024).

Similarly, MHCflurry binding affinity and BigMHC predictions also showed borderline significance ( P = 0.028 and 0.092, respectively).

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed a decreasing trend across quartiles (P = 0.028).

In the pre-specified LME model for visuospatial reasoning, a marginally significant interaction was found between the T1w/T2w ratio of the left fornix and time (std β = 0.38, uncorrected P = 0.028, FDR-corrected P = 0.112).

In fact, there was a clear trend between the levels of CD3 + cells and the severity of aGVHD (Figure 4 B; p = 0.028; Kruskal–Wallis test).

While the age range was similar across the categories, there was a slight trend toward lower ages with higher risk result categories (p = 0.0282 by Kruskal-Wallis test, Figure 3A ).

Among allotypes constituting the A02 supertype, individuals with HLA-A *02:01 showed a trend toward greater risk of symptomatic infections (p=0.03, p adj =0.12) and those with HLA-A *02:05 toward a greater risk of severe respiratory infections (p=0.04, p adj =0.18).