As shown in Figure 8 , TTHX1114 treatment had an overall trend in reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL1α, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL17-α, TNF-α, CCL-5) and chemokines (i.e., CXCL10) produced by the monocytes-derived pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages.
Additionally, Tnfa , Ccl18 and Ccl2 showed a trend towards increased expression in duodenum of obese subjects when compared to non-obese ( Supplementary Figure 3D ).
*( P < 0.05) meant significant difference, and **( P < 0.01) meant highly significant difference.
Therefore, although randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) with numerous participants are required to secure this observation, the identification of a soothing effect of antidepressants on fatigue would constitute a highly significant discovery.
Similar results were achieved for DFS in PAAD Data-2, while borderline significance was noted for DSS in PAAD Data-1 ( Supplementary Figure S2E ).
Moreover, Th17 cell frequencies were significantly decreased in obese MS patients after PA intake, and showed a trend towards lower cell counts in non-obese MS patients supplemented with PA compared to the baseline ( Figure 5C ).
Given the small number of clearly significant effects, we apply a gene set enrichment analysis approach to identify effects that are significant at the gene set level even though non-significant at the gene level.
We have already published highly significant associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ERAP1 gene with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese, but not in Polish populations.
Indeed, our data also confirmed that ACE2 positively correlated with α2 and α4 interferon and showed a trend for α1 interferon ( Figure 1D , Supplementary Figure 4 ).
We examined six proteins from RA Score using the immunoblotting technique and confirmed two of them, TNFAIP6 /TSG6 and HSP90AB1 /HSP90, with S100A8 /MRP8 protein trending near significance.
P = 0.01 to 0.05 was considered statistically significant (*), p = 0.001 to 0.01 as very significant (**), and p < 0.001 (***) as extremely significant, ns, not significant.
Sterile transcripts of IgG1 in B cells stimulated with LPS and IL-4 showed a trend of decreased production germline IgG1 transcripts in splenic B cells isolated from mb1 cre IL-4Rα -/lox mice ( Supplementary Figure 1F ).
After week 1, the composition of microbiota was reconstructed in FMT patients and showed a trend back to normal ( Figures 4C, D ).
The microbial richness in terms of diversity and abundance showed an increasing trend after FMT in most of the patients compared with the patients’ gut microbiota before treatment, although there was no significant difference because of large variations.
However, an increasing trend to evaluate phytogenics’ impact upon the mucosal immunity has been gained importance in recent years, which is mainly attributed to the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense against variated threats and, potential colonization and invasion by pathogenic organisms ( 11 ).
However, a recent study showed that KIR2DS4 exhibits peptide selective binding to HLA-C which might be significant for the NK cell response to human bacterial infections ( 32 ).
A marginally significant association between focus score and Lp-PLA2 MSG gene expression was detected (r = 0.38, p-value: 0.06).
While a borderline significant difference was detected in the frequency of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between SS-L and SS-nL patients (57.1 vs 18.4, p=value: 0.05) ( Supplementary Table 1 ), no statistically significant difference in serum Lp-PLA2 activity levels was observed between patients with high vs normal CRP serum levels (57.9 ± 20.8 vs 47.7 ± 13.8, p=value: 0.20, data not shown).
Nevertheless, all cytokines showed an increasing trend through the whole experiment.
Our study failed to provide any clarity on the mechanism behind the reductions in blood glucose concentrations, as only a statistical trend for greater insulin levels were found in BHB infused cows.
A third study with 90 kidney patients that were HCMV negative and transplanted with a HCMV positive donor showed a trend towards a lower incidence of HCMV infection in recipients with KIR AA haplotype ( 81 ).
Results from a pilot experiment using female ApoE -/- mice fed a chow diet that received 4 or 7 rounds of treatment ( Supplementary Figure S6 ) showed a trend but not a significant reduction of plaque area, suggesting that extended exposure to sc microdose curcumin, for at least 8 rounds, is a requirement for significant atheroprotection.
In our analyses, whether in the discovery cohort or the validation cohort, type I IFN played an extremely significant role in gene function enrichment analysis.
Although a marginally significant increase was observed with the Mit-A single treatment compared to the control and αPD-L1 treatment groups, an overall decrease in the g-MDSC subpopulation was observed when αPD-L1 was combined with Mit-A ( Figure 5A ).
Neither was there a clear trend of decidual NK cells declining with gestation age.