Excerpts

These sites showed a trend of increased phosphorylation upon TCR stimulation and conversely were significantly dephosphorylated upon Treg-mediated suppression.

We also observed an overall trend toward significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-17A), immunoregulatory cytokine (G-CSF), and chemokine (CCL3, CCL4, CCL2, CXCL1, and CCL5) production as early as day 3 post challenge that remained elevated through day 7 post challenge in H99γ immunized mice challenged with each serotype compared to similarly challenged mice immunized using HKH99γ (Tables 2 and 3 ).

Although differential expression of the miR-423 and miR-199 (miR-93* was not present on the codeset) candidate miRNAs was confirmed, additional species with highly significant differential expression were also identified, suggesting that a panel of signature miRNA biomarkers may be a more potent predictor of aGvHD incidence and severity for this complex disease.

Furthermore, a retrospective analysis of patients receiving anti-TNF-α treatment for checkpoint enterocolitis showed a trend toward improved outcomes ( 47 ).

This was further confirmed by zymography, with an increasing trend of the activated MMPs (both 2 and 9) in all the samples of severe stages of ROP along with a case of mild ROP.

In the study addressing HIV-1 DNA decay in the blood of HIV-1-infected children ( 32 ), patients were followed up to 4 years from ART initiation: a highly significant decay (1 log) was noticed during the first year of ART and the difference in HIV-1 DNA copies between 1 and 4 years of ART started to reach a plateau (0.2 log difference).

In order to further analyze nominally significant genes in the “TCR signaling pathway” and “cell cycle,” we performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering (Figure 5 D).

We find a clear trend for both the nonamer and decamer peptides with a set of HLA alleles where a bulk of the binding energy is provided by the “anchor” positions (Figures S11A,B in Supplementary Material).

In the case of NK cell/monocyte/ Leishmania cocultures, a similar effect was observed, which, however, did not quite reach the level of significance (Figure 4 A).

CAR T-cell-based therapy represents external stimuli that might be significant on the immune system.

A sex difference was apparent whereby post booster antibody levels in the adult males did not reach the levels found after the primary immunization course.

Finally, the uptake efficiency declined for both cell types scored with 8 or more Hoechst-positive foci, with a nonsignificant trend pointing to decreased efferocytosis in cKO cells, with 5.4 ± 1% of control cells, but only 2.8 ± 1% of cKO cells (Figure 2 C).

In non-classical cells, significant differences were not observed, although an increasing trend was noticed (Figures 6 A,B).

The only evidence available in the cord blood transplantation setting is a recent registry study ( 14 ), which showed a trend to reduced AML relapse in patients with CMV reactivation.

Although a negative correlation was already observed for healthy controls (Figure 3 F), the correlation between the frequencies of PD-1 + CD160 + CD244 + CD8 + T cells and naive CD8 + T cells was highly significant in APDS patients (Figure 3 F).

In contrast, 5/12 genes showed significant or near-significant sinusoid-like temporal (PP-independent) expression trends (Figure 7 A) of modest effect size (η 2 = 5–9%) (Table 4 ).

We observed that the neutralizing potential of the Abs in the serum was already highly significant on day 7 post i.v.; it increased further on day 14 and remained at the same high level until at least day 28, the last day tested (Figure 5 A).

This study is the first to demonstrate that older subjects with high NK activity post-vaccination tended to seroconvert better to the Brisbane strain and all influenza strains together compared to subjects with low NK activity; these effects were borderline significant.

Thus, considering that the number of daily new blisters only displayed a higher tendency in BP patients with mucosal involvement, the highly significant difference in the BPDAI scores associated to blisters and erosions lesions may be related to the presence of erosions rather than to new blisters.

We observed an interesting trend that the frequency of antigen-specific binding increased with up to 3 mutations in the VH region but did not increase from 3 to 10 average mutations.

In addition, NOD mice treated with CYP alone showed a trend towards reduction of T cells and effector memory T cells (not statistically significant; Figures 1 C,D).

Our competing risk regression analysis also showed an association of borderline significance between high G-CSF responsiveness and non-relapse mortality.

However, we observed a positive trend between the level of fatigue and NKT-like cells (CD3 + CD16 +/− CD56 + ) (rho = 0.30), and a negative trend between the percentage of fatigue vs pain and NKG2C expression (rho = −0.33) (Figures S4B,C in Supplementary Material).

However, the changes were complex and there were highly significant interactions between farm of origin, rearing environment, age, and site.

These values were always located above the reference range, showing a clear trend to increase with frailty status.