Excerpts

The model F-value was 215.63 ( p < 0.0001), indicating that the regression model was highly significant.

Under the same storage time, as the content of matcha increased, the total moisture content decreased, with a downward trend observed in both tightly bound water and free water, while semi-bound water exhibited an increasing trend.

The L* values showed a decreasing trend throughout the storage period ( Figure 1 A), while the a* and b* values showed an increasing trend ( Figure 1 B,C), and the other SM groups showed a slower rate of decrease in the L* values compared to the CK group.

Also highly significant were an increase in Toll-like receptors (TLR) activity, a decrease in insulin sensitivity and the occurrence of inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) in lard-treated mice.

The quadratic model for the extraction rate, derived from the response surface methodology through multiple regression analyses of the experimental data, is expressed as follows: Flavonoids Yield = −200.7803 + 0.3938 B + 0.0406 C + 1.0432 D + 2.0325 E + 0.0014 BC –0.0002 BD – 0.0015 BE – 0.0016 CD – 0.0031 CE – 0.0034 DE – 0.0003 B 2 – 0.0050 C 2 – 0.0073 D 2 − 0.0066 E 2 Variance analysis revealed that the quadratic model was highly significant, whereas the lack-of-fit error term was not significant ( Table 2 ).

While for total amino acids the proportions of amino acids were similar between samples, in the case of free amino acids there were quite significant differences among the profiles of the different samples ( Table 2 ). 3.2.

Soil physicochemical properties and mineral elements significantly affected the differential accumulation of metabolites, among which soil Sr element and organic matter exhibited crucial indicative significance for metabolic variation of rice in adjacent regions.

The pink module exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with resveratrol content, indicating that the module contains key regulatory genes for stilbene biosynthesis.

Cook loss showed a decreasing trend with the addition of 0.1% or 0.5% Tween 20 and 0.5% Tween 80.

In contrast, IL-2 and MIP-3α showed a decreasing trend from early to late infection.

obtained results which evidence that hormonal levels in human colostrum follow a decreasing trend from day one postpartum to day three [ 20 ].

These qualities are described as intrinsic as opposed to extrinsic qualities (visual appearance of the meat) the latter only being marginally significant for organic pork.

Gumminess demonstrated an increasing trend during storage and all the breads showed statistically similar levels on the day of baking.

However a slight trend of increase was observed at the highest levels of addition.

The average value of the total amount of pigments observed in this set of EVOO samples was about 15 ppm, but—as seen from the pigment profile shown in Figure 3 —the differences related to the total amount of pigments among the three years are quite significant, without showing specific trends within each year.

However, when presented with differently designed price badges, a positive trend to purchase the suboptimal items was obtained.

Although in the last decade the cases of human salmonellosis followed a negative trend, the last report of the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) showed a slight increase in the number of infections [ 2 ].

As an overall trend for the process, the retention of vitamin B 2 was higher at the highest temperature tested (an average of 100% at 40 °C against 80% at 10 °C).

The search for the right delivery system or “attractive” matrix for the consumer, such as cookies enriched with green tea [ 10 ], may be acceptable from the organoleptic point of view—however, the biological relevance of the effects on glucose metabolism is scarcely significant.

In the same way, European countries, except Scotland (3.83% in 1977 to 3.5% in 1987), Germany, Spain, and Italy, have also shown an increasing trend in KSD prevalence in recent decades [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].

The results showed that the considered statistical approaches permitted discrimination among different cultivars (Dolce Agogia, Frantoio, Leccino, and Moraiolo); in fact, the LDA elaborations were completely significant for the differentiation/classification of the samples.

With respect to the size attribute ( Table 2 ), no significant differences were observed in instrumental size (mm) among treatments (T1 = 16.3; T2 = 16.2; T3 = 16.2; T4 = 16.2), but slightly significant differences were observed in descriptive analysis for T1 and T2, compared to a second group, T3 and T4.

As regards the polyphenolic composition of the pomace skins ( Table 5 ), the cultivars were distinguished from one another with highly significant differences for all the considered parameters.

The a* value in purple flesh sweet potato was higher than that in yellow flesh sweet potato, and it presented a decreasing trend in purple flesh sweet potato during storage.

Correspondingly, cleavages were observed on the cross section of the dough and the content of β-sheet showed a trend of reduction in the dough with addition of PGN at high concentrations.