Excerpts

Of the five quantitative studies assessing marital status as a determinant of change in smoking behavior [ 52 , 53 , 59 , 93 , 95 ], one found a marginally significant association between marital status and changes in smoking behavior, with married participants yielding higher abstinence rates in the intervention group [ 59 ].

Of the six quantitative studies that assessed stages of change , four found a statistical significant association between a higher stage of change and favorable lifestyle changes, mostly in smoking behavior [ 53 , 55 , 58 , 76 ], and one found a borderline significant association [ 54 ].

However, although pre-existing immunity towards the HLA-A2 restricted epitope correlated with longer PFS, high pre-existing and vaccine-induced immunity towards the HLA-A2 restricted epitope showed a trend towards a shorter PFS.

Patients with single metastasis had a significantly better prognosis than those with multiple metastases, and even showed a trend toward better survival than those with oligometastases.

In contrast, group 3 showed a trend toward higher levels of expression in radiosensitive lines. 3.3.

However, even if our results about efficacy are significant, we acknowledge that our study displays limitations, including the small number of patients in the compared groups with 12 patients in the “matched therapy group”, and 25 in the “non-matched therapy group”, and the imbalance of characteristics between these groups with a strong trend for more patients with PC in the first one (83%) than in the second one (44%).

Although not statistically significant, our data show a positive trend with the use of the different therapeutic regimens in terms of CR increase (64.5% with GnRHa + LNG-IUD versus 80.0% with MA+LNG-IUD and 83.3% with MA + LNG-IUD + MET), and a negative trend in terms of SD evidence (25.8% with GnRHa + LNG-IUD versus 15.0% with MA + LNG-IUD and 8.3% with MA + LNG-IUD + MET).

Even if not significant ( p = 0.65), an increasing trend of CR and a diminishing trend of SD were observed according to hormonal therapy ( Table 2 ).

Although not statistically significant, our cohort observed a clear trend towards a higher mutational load in male patients, which goes in line with previously published data [ 28 ].

Nevertheless, RG2 cells showed a trend of forming more colonies than RG0 and RG1 despite no statistical significance given ( Figure 3 B-b).

The bias assessment of the studies that investigated mixed interventions showed a trend towards high risk for bias (one trial with “low”, two trials with “some concerns” and three trials with high risk of bias).

One study including 108 multiple myeloma patients that underwent autologous stem cell transplantation showed a trend towards progression-free survival in patients with immunoglobulin recovery compared to patients with immunoparesis.

Overall, there was a decreasing trend in the incidence and mortality rates of ovarian cancer globally.

All SIMs separated the survival curves considerably, except pre-treatment PLR which showed marginal significance for OS.

The incidence of sinusitis peaked at 3–9 months after RT and showed a trend toward stabilization after 1 year [ 28 , 34 ].

Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint of PFS in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, it has been observed a favorable PFS impact of atezolizumab in the subgroup of patients with PD-L1-positive (or with TILs ≥ 5%) tumors, along with a positive trend in terms of OS advantage [ 31 ].

N-stage, dichotomized between N2a and N2b, as used in Ang’s risk classification, was statistically significant in OS ( p = 0.010) and nearly significant in PFS and DSS with p -values of 0.072 and 0.051, respectively ( Table 2 ).

Also, there was a highly significant difference in the pN status between the two groups (see Table 1 ).

Because the interaction of race and patient type was highly significant, we also stratified the ANCOVA by race.

None of the other variables showed prognostic properties in the case of OS outcome, although alcohol abuse and smoking history both showed a trend towards significance ( Table S11 ).

Surprisingly, our analysis found an increasing trend in the screening of immigrant women from 2017 to 2020.

The pooled analysis identified increased FL risk with ever, former and current smoking, and a positive trend with longer duration of smoking, but no trend with increasing smoking frequency or pack-years.

We were not able to document a significant influence of the first-line treatment in NET G3 patients on mOS, but there was a slight trend toward better survival with the use of STZ + FU (only used in pancreatic NET G3 patients) and temozolomide plus capecitabine as compared to platinum-containing combinations.

Within the stromal compartment, a highly significant reduction in the number of CD3+ T cells was observed post-chemotherapy.

The cancer-free survival curves showed a trend in favor of the open surgery group ( p 0.45).