Excerpts

Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software (version 3.6.1, R Foundation, https://www.r-project.org/ accessed on 17 May 2022), where a p -value (after Bonferroni corrections for pairwise comparisons using the t -test) of < 0.05 was considered significant ( p < 0.001 presented as **, 0.001 ≤ p < 0.05 as *), 0.05 ≤ p < 0.1 as marginally significant (presented as #) and p ≥ 0.1 as nonsignificant (presented as ns).

Multivariate Cox regression models were explored including ICI type and other covariates presenting a significant or a marginally significant effect ( p -value < 0.1) based on univariate Cox regression models.

Features such as the median intensity from the wavelet (H) filter, long run high gray level emphasis from the wavelet (H), indicating the presence of long, high-intensity runs in the image, and GLSZM small area emphasis from LoG sigma 3.0, a measure of the concentration of small bright regions in the filtered image, exhibited partial significance (0.05 < p < 0.1), suggesting mixed or context-dependent contributions to the models.

In the univariate model, PRMT7 high showed a trend to increased hazard for an event (HR = 1.81, 95% CI, 0.89–3.71, p = 0.1), but it did not reach statistical significance.

The variables with significance or borderline significance ( p < 0.1) in the univariate analyses and those considered relevant from the literature were included in a multivariate regression model using stepwise backward selection.

Covariates that were significant or close to significance on univariable analysis (Chi square, p < 0.10) were included in multivariable logistic regression to predict peritoneal surface recurrence.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software (version 3.6.1, R Foundation, https://www.r-project.org/ , last accessed 25 October 2021), where a p -value (after Bonferroni corrections for pairwise comparisons using the t -test) of < 0.05 was considered significant ( p < 0.001 presented as **, 0.001 ≤ p < 0.05 as *), 0.05 ≤ p < 0.1 as marginally significant (presented as # ) and p ≥ 0.1 as nonsignificant (presented as ns).

Variables that achieved statistical significance ( p < 0.05) or those close to significance ( p < 0.1) by univariate analysis were subsequently included in the multivariate analysis.

In agreement with this finding, the imaging index virtually preserved its capability to predict the response to treatment in patients with the highest increase in PSA after Ra223 administration, as suggested by the almost significant p value ( p = 0.1 in each subgroup, see also Figure 4 ) and the emblematic example reported in Figure 5 . 4.

Variables that achieved statistical significance ( p < 0.05) or those close to significance ( p < 0.1) by univariate analysis were subsequently included in the multivariate analysis.

In terms of the time to MB or CRB, rivaroxaban showed a trend of being a risk factor for MB (HR 3.89; p = 0.104) and CRB (HR 2.37; p = 0.102) compared to dalteparin ( Table S2 ).

Furthermore, PSA density > 0.20 ng/mL 2 showed a trend toward significance (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.89–3.36, p = 0.106), as did D’Amico intermediate/high-risk classification (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 0.97–3.68, p = 0.061).

Furthermore, treatment techniques had a trend towards significance in different CEUS LI-RADS groups with LR-3 HCC more frequently submitted to TACE (or percutaneous treatment) than the HCC in the other LR groups ( p = 0.107). 2.3.

Elevated miR-122 only showed a slight trend toward favorable survival rates ( p = 0.108 for OS and p = 0.036 for DFS) ( Figure 6 B).

10.64%; p = 0.07), showing a trend towards significance, and a lower rate of no response to the treatment (38.64% vs. 61.36%; p = 0.11).

Mean kurtosis of v e and skewness of τ i values showed a borderline significant difference between the groups ( p = 0.11 for v e and p = 0.09 for τ i ).

Further, our subgroup analysis failed to detect a statistically significant association between OS and the PLR in eCCA patients with marginally non-significant values (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.93–2.03, p = 0.11).

The all-cause 30-day mortality of the entire cohort was 6.3%, not significantly different between treatment groups, although an increasing trend for DEC (AZA 3.8%, DEC 8.9%; p = 0.111) was found.

For example, a randomized controlled trial ( n = 98) reported that the rate of one-year ovarian failure was significantly reduced from 80.6% in the chemotherapy-alone group to 44.7% in the GnRHa group ( p = 0.002), with benefit observed across HR+ and HR− subgroups, though statistical significance was reached only in the HR+ subgroup ( p = 0.029); the HR− subgroup showed a numerical trend that did not reach significance ( p = 0.111) [ 32 ].

However, patients with high 53BP1 scores obtained after the start of the treatment and during the final visits showed an increasing trend of longer PFS (1st treatment visits: P = 0.113; final visits: P = 0.065).

While fmTLS + sarcomas showed a favorable trend towards prolonged time to distant progression (TTDP) at 5-years, this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.115) ( Figure 3 C).

Patients with progression to the first treatment showed a trend towards shorter PFS, which was not statistically significant (4.5 months [95% CI: 2.4–6.6 months] vs. 7 months [95% CI: 1.6–12.4 months], p = 0.116).

Total Neoadjuvant Therapy In a cohort of 85 LARC patients (many of whom were treated with TNT) undergoing serial plasma ctDNA assessments, TNT showed a trend towards an increased tumor response (odds ratio or OR 2.9, 95% CI 0.8–12.3, p = 0.1178), but there was no association between pre-neoadjuvant therapy and post-neoadjuvant therapy ctDNA status and tumor response [ 57 ].

However, early relapses (within the first 2 months of adjuvant treatment, n = 17) proved particularly difficult, with a significant reduction in the second PFS (PFS2, HR 1.83, p = 0.029) ( Figure 4 C) and a numerical trend for reduced OS2 (HR 1.77, p = 0.12), compared to relapses that had occurred after 2 months (n = 124).

NR, HR 0.29 CI 95% 0.10–0.86, p = 0.02) and a trend towards significance in PFS (5.0 vs. 14.2 months, HR 0.43, CI 95% 0.15–1.25, p = 0.12) ( Figure 1 e).