Excerpts

Also, the chance for developing breast cancer in the highest tertile of dietary fiber intake from vegetables was 45% lower compared to the lowest tertile with a significant trend in the first model (Model 1: OR = 0.53; 95%CI: 0.30–0.94, P trend = 0.03).

The authors found a highly significant decrease in the monthly purchased volume of the taxed drinks by 21.6%.

The OR for sleep disturbances increased with increasing sedentary time, indicating a significant trend ( P for trend < 0.001).

The CRR curve in our study indicated an increasing trend at the early stage under extremely high temperatures, but no statistical significance was found.

Despite religious beliefs and general social norms often prohibiting PSB, such as Islamic teachings explicitly forbidding premarital sex and viewing it as a sin punishable under Islamic law [ 24 ], an increasing trend in premarital sexual activity among university students has been observed even in some conservative Islamic countries such as Sudan [ 25 ].

Additionally, the findings of other studies conducted specifically among parents of children with FA showed a trend toward higher knowledge scores compared to other populations, such as school teachers, school nurses, restaurant staff, and the public [ 37 – 44 ].

By contrast, categorization of social, familial and personal factors only confirmed the association of social activity score, IADL and number of comorbidities with the presence of incident depressive symptoms, and marginal significance was seen for number of grandchildren.

In our gender-stratified analysis, we also observed an increasing trend of problem drinking for women workers in gender-mixed and male-dominated industries compared to female-dominated industries.

Although statistical significance was not achieved, the analysis of moderate and vigorous physical activity showed a trend towards reducing the risk of pain.

After adjusting covariates, HR values in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quantile showed an increasing trend compared with the 1st quantile, and the risk of disability among WWI subjects in the 4th quantile increased by 43% (95% CI: 1.24–1.64).

The children participating in the present study showed a trend towards a shorter stature for age.

In individuals who never smoked, an increasing trend in FeNO with increasing PAH concentration (except for 1-PHE) was observed only in the GLM, but this difference lacked statistical significance.

This may reflect an acceleration of the digitalisation of marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 53 ], although an increasing trend was likely already underway.

Although there was a slight increase in the absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs in 2021 compared to 1990, a clear trend among age groups was not observed (Figure S1 A).

The aggregated peak positivity for influenza B has exhibited a decreasing trend in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, though this trend is statistically significant only in Scotland (37.6% vs. 10.8%) and Wales (26.8% vs. 11.7%).

A significant trend was observed when comparing individuals with lower education levels to higher education levels (47% vs. 33%, respectively), and this difference was found to be statistically significant [ 5 ].

This model was highly significant, with a p-value of 0.000.

This difference was marginally significant for the Intervention Coherence domain and significant for all other domains.

Our findings revealed an increasing trend over time in the population attributable fraction of physical inactivity for frailty.

A small trend could be observed for a slightly higher HLI in prognosis areas with a better nSES compared to those with a worse nSES (Table 2 ).

With the government initiating the easing of measures, individuals who were less inclined to exhibit high health literacy tended to persist within the same trajectory, but the pattern of their trajectory underwent a shift, adopting a decreasing trend.

An increasing trend is observed in many parts of the world [ 2 ].

A decreasing trend was observed in the concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO, with distinct seasonal patterns emerging in which pollutant levels generally peaked during colder months, whereas O 3 concentrations reached their maximum in warmer seasons.

While SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 showed no statistically significant effects on PE, NO 2 exhibited borderline significance.

1 ): (1) The prevalence of chronic diseases exhibited an inverted U-shaped trend, peaking in 2018 before declining significantly to a trough in 2020; (2) The distribution of greenspace resources showed notable regional development disparities, with economically developed coastal cities in the southeast consistently leading in terms of park green area and green coverage rate, though an overall trend toward improved balance was observed.