Excerpts

Conclusions Our data show that there are important differences between substances involved in AATDs across groups of people and geographic areas as well as an increasing trend in AATDs.

SO 2 at a 7-day lag exhibits a positive effect on influenza, although this effect shows a decreasing trend over the examined concentration range (Fig. 4 d).

The inter-provincial migrants constituted the majority (65.74%) of HIV-infected pregnant women in Zhejiang, with an increasing trend over the study period.

Regarding self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms, there was an increasing trend in participants reporting “never” having depressive feelings over the survey years (Fig. 5 ).

In Model 1, this association was marginally significant (P-trend = 0.059), but in Model 2, it was no longer significant (T3: OR = 0.528, 95% CI: 0.187–1.491; β = 0.639, SE = 0.58, P-value = 0.131, P-trend = 0.131).

Diversity: For PE, the coefficient (β) showed a decreasing trend as the value of PE increased; within the range of PE above 1.488, an increasing PE score showed negative association with JD.

There was a notable decline attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, dropping to 204 cases in 2020 (3.54%, 77.89/100,000), followed by an increasing trend leading to a peak of 1028 cases in 2023 (17.85%, 285.21/100,000).

For adults aged 15–59, there is a significant trend of increasing hospitalization costs during the 0–7-day lag period, particularly within the first 5 days of the lag period, with an increase of 38.91% (95% CI: 0.27%, 92.44%).

For females, the increase in hospitalization costs over the entire lag period (during the occurrence of low temperatures and the subsequent 1–10-day lag period) shows a decreasing trend over time, but all increases are statistically significant.

The prevalence of FLD among CHB patients has shown an increasing trend over time.

However, there was a marginal significance between ex-smokers and higher OABSS scores.

However, the direct effect of chronotype on mental health was not statistically significant, showing only a trend toward significance.

The higher risk of diabetes among those reported at least 10 h per day sleep (as compared to those reported 7 h of sleep per day) became borderline non-significant after adjustment for all potential confounders, suggesting that the association and underlying mechanisms between sleep duration and diabetes remain undetermined.

These figures reflect a worrying trend when compared with global population estimates, such as those of Guthold et al.

From the perspective of infectious diseases with different transmission routes, we found that after the implementation of the “Class B infectious disease Class B management” policy, the number of cases and deaths of most of the infectious diseases has increased, with the increase in the number of cases of dengue fever being extremely significant.

Multivariate regression with controls for gender, age, and occupation did not show an increasing trend in cost per claim or time off work per claim.

Contrast to the TMD, the DF/R is completely significant (at 1%) for all ranges of the coefficients throughout the country (Fig. 5 g).

The mortality rates for KRPC showed an increasing trend from 1999 to 2001 (APC, 2.2%; 95% CI , 0.3% to 3.6%), followed by a subsequent decline, with a more pronounced decrease from 2014 to 2020 (APC, −1.8%; 95% CI , −3.0% to −1.4%) (Fig. 1 , Supplemental Table 1).

There was a decreasing trend in KRPC mortality for both men (AAPC, −1.0%; 95% CI , −1.2% to −0.8%) and women (AAPC, −1.2%; 95% CI , −1.4% to −0.9%).

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed an increasing trend in transmission rates, achieving 2.5 million reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis in the United States (US) in the year 2022.

Japan showed a slight increase in its ASYLD trend, with an AAPC of 0.06% (95% UI: 0.05 to 0.07), whereas Taiwan demonstrated a decreasing trend with an AAPC of −0.34% (95% UI: −0.36 to −0.32) (Fig. 4 ).

Our analysis from 1990 to 2021 reveals a positive trend of decreasing prevalence and YLDs, especially in lower SDI regions, yet highlights a persistent and growing challenge in aging populations and high SDI regions.

Model selection and performance prediction metrics for all periods Crash-related referrals showed a decreasing trend over the study period (Fig. 1 a).

Between 2010 and 2020, fertility differences across the seven regions gradually narrowed, several regions converged toward similar low fertility levels, indicating an overall trend of between-region convergence despite remaining heterogeneity driven by outliers such as South Korea.

Among participants experiencing the same extent of chronic pain, there was an increasing trend in the risk of CVD and CHD as sleep patterns deteriorated.