Excerpts

Although the DASHI showed a trend toward an inverse association in the upper quartiles, these findings were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

Regarding the interaction variable including Space no significant effect was seen for men, and the positive departure from additivity effect was borderline significant for women ( p = 0.05, RERI = −0.57, 95% CI = −1.13 to −0.01).

Children in group age 15 to 16 were two times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those in group age 13 to 14 (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.4) and this difference was borderline significant (p = 0.05).

However, no significant relationship was found between the helpless approach and the submissive approach and the total needs score, and only a weakly significant relationship was found with the support sub-dimension ( r =-0.109, p < 0.05 for the helpless approach; r = 0.105, p < 0.05 for the submissive approach).

Interestingly, CAP may not reverse the HFD-induced decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota, with the HFD-CAP group showing a decreasing trend ( P > 0.05).

After adjustment for confounding by age, educational level, job demands and general health, the significant positive association between obesity and NFR observed in the unadjusted analysis (B = 13.45, 95%CI:4.03, 22.88, p = 0.005) changed into a borderline significant positive association (B = 8.77, 95% CI:0.01, 17.56, p = 0.05), with normal body weight as the reference category.

Milk and dairy products were the major contributors to energy intake from beverages for children aged 3 to 6 and 7 to 10 years old, with a decreasing trend associated with increases in age (p<0.05).

HIV-infected participants showed significantly lower adherence to the intervention, approaching significance ( p = 0.05).

Relative to those who reported no lifetime MA use at baseline (Table 2 ), individuals who reported having ever used MA in their lifetime were more likely to have high levels of depressive symptoms using the recommended Thai cutoff score of ≥ 22 on the CES-D scale, but this measure of association did not reach statistical significance (POR: 1.48, CI: 1.04–2.11; p <0.05).

Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 had 30% higher odds of not having daily FV, with marginal significance ( p = 0.05).

There was a significant difference in the reduction of number of pupae (P = 0.04; Figure 2 ) and a borderline significant reduction of the PPI (pupae per person index) between intervention and control arms (P = 0.05; Table 2 ).

Findings were borderline significant for the employed (MOR 1.4; CI: 1.0-2.0, p = 0.05) Table 3 .

The coast started a decreasing trend in 2010 (APC = − 5.2, 95% CI: − 8.9, − 1.4, p < 0.05), while the rainforest showed a reduction amongst the entire study period (APC = − 4.3, 95% CI: − 7.2, − 1.3, p < 0.05).

However, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no statistically significant relationship between smartphone-holding postures and discomfort in most hand regions, except for Area B of the left hand, which showed a borderline significant relationship ( p = 0.05) (Table 3 ).

Exercising 1–2 times per week was also marginally significant ( p = 0.05); therefore, exercise might reduce Pb accumulation in infertile women (aOR = 0.37, 95 % CI 0.14–1.00).

In contrast, itching emerged as a highly significant clinical marker, with infestation observed in 30% of children reporting pruritus compared to only 9% in those without symptoms ( P < 0.05).

Longer distance from the vaccination centers was marginally significant ( p = 0.05).

The high Pb burden might result from consuming Chinese herbal medicines, even though marginal significance ( p = 0.05).

The marginally significant association between professional rank and resilience ( β = 0.115, P = 0.05) should be interpreted cautiously.

A decreasing trend was observed in the PACV scores as the level of education and income level of the participants increased ( p < 0.05).

The remaining perception variables were insignificant except for perception of control of famine with borderline significance, p = 0.0507.

Medicines and the commodities domain readiness was also higher in peripheral health centres but the difference to medical centres was borderline significant (31.5% vs 18.8%, p = 0.051).

A post hoc cut-off of p ≤ .05 was used, although post hoc tests approaching significance ( p =. 051 – p =. 056) are also reported.

Only marginally significant effects were shown on psychological distress ( t = -1.99, p = 0.051) and physical symptoms ( t = -1.83, p = 0.07) at 1-month follow-up.

Monthly income was the most significant predictor (β = − 0.22, p = .002), while the educational level was marginally significant (β = − 0.16, p = .051).