Excerpts

With regard to the use of a contraceptive method during the last year by gender and age-group, an increasing trend (p < 0.05) was observed by age for males (Table 3 ).

Ghana Table 2 shows the results from the regression analyses to assess pre-post changes and factors associated with mental health-related knowledge (MAKS plus two additional items), attitudes (CAMI) and behaviour (RIBS IB) in Ghana. The post Ghana campaign sample had a slightly lower MAKS score then those who responded before the campaign (pre), and this change was borderline significant at the 5% level (β = − 0.15, 95% CI = -0.30 to 0.00, p = 0.05).

Results The findings reveal a highly significant primary cluster ( p -value < 0.05) located in the western regions of the Gilan province, spanning from July 2013 to July 2015 ( p -value < 0.05).

Early (OR 0.392; P <0.05) instars of Culex were more likely to be sampled in non-intervention habitats than in habitats applied with Bti , while the late instars abundance was marginally significant (OR 0.509; P =0.05).

Results In both study series, a significant overall trend of declining caries experience and level of untreated caries, and an increasing trend of percentage of caries-free children was observed (p < 0.05).

Children in group age 15 to 16 were two times more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those in group age 13 to 14 (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.4) and this difference was borderline significant (p = 0.05).

The association between psychological distress and having concurrent sexual partners did not reach statistical significance in either men or women, although in women the association approached significance (p = 0.05).

In contrast, the control group exhibited an increasing trend in HIV Infection Risk Scores from baseline (14.88 ± 2.38) to follow-up (15.62 ± 2.55; mean difference = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.24; P < 0.05).

We find that all 36 were at least nominally significant and 32 codes have a p -value < 0.05 and, after multiple testing correction, 25 of 36 ICD10 codes are significant in both cohorts, thereby indicating the consistency of our findings.

When examining the change in treatment success over time in tracer versus non-tracer subdistricts, only Eastern Cape Province displayed results that approached significance (interaction p = 0.05) (Figure 4 ).

The association of gender with profiles’ membership was also weakly significant, χ 2 (2, N = 503) = 6.47, p < .05, [Cramer’s V = 0.11], with more females in the Severe Psy/Low QoL profile (43%), whereas more males were observed in the PTSD-dominant/Preserved QoL profile (36%).

A similar but marginally significant effect emerged for participants who reported access to information as easy (OR = 0.23, CI [0.05, 1.00], p = .050).

Even with this combination, power was still limited, leading to many potential associations that were close to but not quite statistically significant at the prespecified p < 0.05 cutoff.

Significant interactions were observed for communication, gross motor, and problem-solving domains (all p-values < 0.05), with marginal significance for the personal-social domain ( p = 0.05).

The APC reflects the annual rate of change in incidence within each segment; a positive APC with P < 0.05 indicates an increasing trend, while a negative APC with P < 0.05 indicates a decreasing trend.

There was also a marginally significant difference ( p =.05) in flourishing scores between the workers aged 55 to 64 years and those aged 65 years or older, favoring the latter group.

Comparative analysis among age subgroups revealed a highly significant upward trend in the rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity with increasing age (all P < 0.05).

Besides sex and occupation, educational attainment also showed a marginally significant association ( OR = 0.63, p =.05).

However, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no statistically significant relationship between smartphone-holding postures and discomfort in most hand regions, except for Area B of the left hand, which showed a borderline significant relationship ( p = 0.05) (Table 3 ).

Interestingly, CAP may not reverse the HFD-induced decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota, with the HFD-CAP group showing a decreasing trend ( P > 0.05).

Although the DASHI showed a trend toward an inverse association in the upper quartiles, these findings were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

Other ethnicities showed a marginally significant reduction (-0.20, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.00, P = 0.05).

A significant trend ( P < 0.05) indicates that the risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality increases with higher HbA1c levels, as shown in Supplementary Table S3.

Further, significant improvements in reaction time were also found in the SRA during the 2- and 3-back tests and approaching significance in the STEP ( p = 0.05) for the 3-back.

Fourth, a nominally significant association (p-value < 0.05) was considered “weak” evidence.