Excerpts

The results showed a trend similar to that for the results that included participants who died within 3 years after the start of follow-up ( P for trend = 0.401).

We found an overall trend where, irrespective of how adiposity group was classified (BMI, BIA or WHR), lower body weight resulted in stronger relationships between accelerometer and questionnaire-assessed sedentary behaviour, walking and MVPA (Rho = 0.14–0.58).

The lack of a clear trend of increasing mortality with increasing age of transfer suggests no cumulative effects of adversities during the first 7 years of life.

This is a favorable trend as compared to a previous European survey that found the smoking prevalence to be higher among medical students than the general population [ 8 ].

Community factors Living in a village as compared to a plantation community had a highly significant effect on participation (OR = 18.9, 95%CI = 12.5–28.5).

Among those who were unemployed, the two older groups were less likely to report unmet needs than the youngest group, but the results did not quite reach statistical significance.

After adjustment, the use of LLIN by pregnant women was marginally significant, whereas the physical integrity, the LLIN’s quantitative bio-efficacy and malaria infection in pre-pregnancy were significantly associated with the time to onset of the first malaria infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Results There is a highly significant correlation between the two measures despite modest study size of 478 patients (85% response).

There was a nearly significant interaction between attitude towards quitting smoking and moderate versus high education (OR of interaction = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.96, p = 0.038 > α adjusted = 0.025), as well as a nearly significant interaction between attitude towards quitting smoking and moderate versus low education (OR of interaction = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.90, p = 0.024 > α adjusted = 0.017).

Even though dengue epidemics varied across the years, there was an increasing trend of dengue over time in Pakistan, suggesting a worsening situation since 2005 (Fig. 3 ).

For digestive conditions the difference between prevalence with and without resilience assets did not quite reach significance in those with no ACEs but was significant at other ACE counts (Fig. 1 ).

2b correspond to higher concentrations of PM2.5 and a higher lung cancer deaths rate, indicating China’s PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rates are showing an increasing trend.

After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, body-mass-index (BMI), parity, educational status, occupation, marital status, HHS and household asset index, we observed an increasing trend across terciles of vegetable intake in the past month for the HR-QoL ( P -trend = 0.0003), PH ( P -trend = 0.02), MH ( P -trend = 0.001) as well as the physical functioning ( P -trend = 0.01), role-physical ( P -trend <.0001), and role emotional ( P -trend <.0001) domains of the SF-36.

Lastly, a decreasing trend was observed between the VVS terciles and the general health domain of the SF-36 in the crude model ( P -trend = 0.02); but the observed trend was not statistically significant in the multivariate model ( P -trend = 0.18).

On the contrary, a significant trend ( P -trend = 0.001) was observed between the MH domain and the VVS terciles with participants in the high VVS tercile obtaining significantly higher scores compared to those in the low and moderate terciles.

The incidence density of CWP would have an increasing trend in opencast mines from 2005 to 2024.

In the present study, using the WAIS Full Scale IQ score allowed us to test the mediating role of such a construct; while there was a borderline significant indirect effect of intelligence in a model with this as the only mediator, this effect was strongly attenuated in Model 3 when including years of education.

This strengthened the association of social relations satisfaction with AL in Model 2 ( β = − 0.103, p = .046) and slightly attenuated the direct association of parental SEP with AL in all models; in Model 3 ( β = − 0.100, p = .068) and model 4 ( β = − 0.097, p = .064) to marginal significance.

When formally testing for an interaction between ethnicity and gestational diabetes, however, the interaction was only borderline significant.

During the second half of the twentieth century, there was a strong trend towards early retirement.

There was an increasing trend towards higher odds of HIV status awareness with increasing levels of education.

Results suggest that female children exposed to solid cooking fuels are more likely to have an ARI, but the results are only marginally significant (see Additional file 1 : Table S3; OR = 4.02, P -val =0.07).

Notwithstanding these limitations, the most up-to-date data shows a clear trend: suicide continues to disproportionately impact Inuit and First Nations in Canada.

Despite this progress, we found that relative measures of spatial inequalities across the region indicate that the effect of space is becoming more prominent over the decades among PNC in particular, suggesting a worrying trend that should be monitored closely throughout the SDG era and examined further with new sources of DHS data or other household surveys.

The age- and sex-adjusted ORs increased with higher serum hsCRP level; the ORs were 1.25 (0.67–2.34) for the middle tertile and 1.45 (0.76–2.78) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP level with a significant trend ( p for trend = 0.033).