Excerpts

Receipt of maternal ART and infant antiretroviral prophylaxis according to Rwanda EMTCT protocol was a highly significant protective factor against MTCT (OR 0.01; 95%CI 0.001–0.17), while variables suggesting inadequate antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis were all significant risk factors (No referral for ART, started of ART after delivery, and start of infant Nevirapine after 72 h).

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there has been a strong trend towards the adoption of a “high energy-sedentary lifestyle”, which has consequently resulted in an increase in the prevalence of obesity and all obesity-related diseases over the past few decades.

Notwithstanding these limitations, the most up-to-date data shows a clear trend: suicide continues to disproportionately impact Inuit and First Nations in Canada.

Despite this progress, we found that relative measures of spatial inequalities across the region indicate that the effect of space is becoming more prominent over the decades among PNC in particular, suggesting a worrying trend that should be monitored closely throughout the SDG era and examined further with new sources of DHS data or other household surveys.

There was an overall trend towards a reduction in disease notifications and hospitalizations, however each disease showed a unique pattern of change over time.

Crude PR showed that each increase in tertile of foreclosure was associated with an increasing trend in prevalence of hypertension and current smoking status and a decreasing trend in hypercholesterolemia [Table 2 ].

The analyses of light and moderate/vigorous physical activity showed negative associations with social isolation (β = − 0.143; − 0.116) (the latter was borderline significant, see model 4).

Compared to participants who smoked within 5 min after waking, the risk of atherosclerosis for participants who smoked an hour or more after waking was borderline non-significant (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.23, 1.00).

This estimation revealed that although there were 44 countries and regions with low ageing levels or decreasing ageing rate trends, in absolute terms, the ageing populations in all 195 countries/regions showed an increasing trend.

Worldwide, 44 low ageing areas which were distributed mainly in Africa (26 areas) and Asia (15 areas) experienced a decreasing trend of ageing rates.

Despite the periodicity of the disease we can see in other studies that the last epidemic wave of pertussis shows an increasing trend of the disease [ 6 , 14 , 17 ].

There was also a clear trend for lowered self-esteem among women with mild hearing loss as well as a higher symptom level of anxiety and depression among women with slight hearing loss, but these results did not reach significance, although effect sizes were similar to that of subjective well-being (B = .27, p = 0.161, and B = .22, p = 0.083, respectively).

In 2016, an increasing trend in the incidence of new cases was reported across Mongolia.

There was a significant trend for HRs for all-cause mortality according to the interaction terms for RRF and age group (RRF*age [≤59] vs.

The numbers of pregnancies among HIV positive women in the ATHENA database show a decreasing trend.

Conclusion The results raise a general concern about an increasing trend in suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged women.

Since an increasing trend in MetS prevalence was found in other regions, Indonesia might be affected simultaneously, however, little is known regarding the MetS epidemiology in this multiethnic group country.

Among Somali origin men, the effect was reversed, with significant or almost significant associations found in the younger age group only.

Since there may be significant variations among population groups originating from the same region, caution should be applied in extending the findings of this study concerning persons of Kurdish origin more broadly to persons of Middle-Eastern origin.

The interaction between household net-income and major medical diseases showed a trend with marginal significance in the fully adjusted model (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.78, 0.60–1.02): Major medical disease only increased the risk in persons in the low household net-income category (< 3000 €) and not in the group of persons with high income (Fig. 1 ).

During biomass burning, linear regression showed a decreasing trend of geometric mean PM 2.5 and CO concentrations from the biomass stove (326.3 μg/m 3 , 12.3 ppm), to index home (322.7 μg/m 3 , 11.2 ppm), neighbor homes sharing a wall with the index home (278.4 μg/m 3 , 3.6 ppm), outdoors (154.2 μg/m 3 , 0.7 ppm), then neighbor homes that do not share a wall with the index home (83.1 μg/m 3 ,0.2 ppm) ( p = 0.03 for PM 2.5 , p = 0.006 for CO).

Altogether, this highlights a worrying trend of ineffective current WTS policy, with current efforts towards curbing WTS use being unsuccessful in deterring students.

However, the estimated negative effect due to unemployment was greater for men than women and was almost significant.

Although, 80% of individuals continued working in the year following an episode due to malignant neoplasm, women showed a trend towards exiting the labor market because of partial retirement [SHR = 8.4(1.5–45.5)] and permanent disability [SHR = 5.8(1.5–22.9)] compared to non-malignant pathologies.

Further, the results in columns 2–5 show that while the association is weak for the short-term unemployed, the association remains highly significant in the long-run (6 months or more) where coefficient gets 0.529–0.821.