Excerpts

Wilcoxon rank-test between TP datasets (Arabidopsis and non-Arabidopsis) were not observed to be significant while Wilcoxon rank test between non-Arabidopsis FN and TP datasets were observed to be highly significant (Wilcoxon rank test P = 4.8e-07 for Arabidopsis and for non-Arabidopsis datasets).

Cross-correlations, in SDI_local, between the two populations were positive at all 22 chromosomes considered (range in r =0.05–0.999; median r =0.668; Supplementary Table 1 ). A sign test on all 22 correlations being positive is highly significant ( P =4.8 × 10 −7 , assuming a null expectation of a correlation being equally likely to be positive or negative).

However, there was highly significant heterogeneity in the vitamin C effect between the trials with I 2 = 83% ( P = 4.8 × 10 −7 ).

Excluding rs864265, seven SNPs belonging to two different LD blocks showed highly significant associations with serum adiponectin (all P ≤ 4.8 × 10 −7 ).

6a and b , Action was associated with highly significant increases in offset (average offset ± SD: Action = −0.79 ± 0.25, Rest = −0.82 ± 0.26; t(108) = 5.35, p = 4.89 × 10 −7 ) and slope (average slope ± SD: Action = 1.14 ± 0.12, Rest = 1.08 ± 0.13; t(108) = 10.5, p = 4.19 × 10 −18 ).

Synaptic transmission (SyT) ( Figure 3B , Table 5 ) was a highly significant sub-family of nervous system development and function (34 molecules, 23.3% of parent function; p = 4.9×10 −7 ) sharing 10 common genes with Ngs ( CNR1 , SHC3 , NLGN1 , ADRB2 , CACNA1A , CNP , and MPZ were elevated and TNF , FGF2 , and IL1B were suppressed by FD).

A Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a highly significant effect of host species on individual parasite species richness (H = 29.07, df = 2, p = 4.9 × 10 − 7).

Strikingly, this height separation was highly significant ( p = 5 × 10 −7 ) in interfaces with the negative OVCAR-3 cells, while either not significant or of much lower significance in the positive cells ( Figure S5M ).

A further four SNPs were borderline significant for EM ( P < 5 × 10 −7 , Supplementary Material, Table S2 ) and two of these had not been previously identified in the QT GWAS: rs1867631 in SGIP1 at chromosome 1p31.3 and rs1473307 near NYAP2 at chromosome 2q36.3.

18 This well-powered meta-analysis produced one genetic variant of genome-wide significance (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 5, CHRNA5 SNP rs2036527, P <5 × 10 −8 ), several additional variants that were approaching significance ( P <5 × 10 −7 ) and many variants that fell short of statistical significance for the prediction of cigarettes smoked per day.

The combined allelic test was highly significant, with p = 5.0 × 10(-7).

Importantly, with these corrected numbers, the difference in motifs densities is highly significant – p-value < 5e-7, binomial test.

The model demonstrated good discriminative performance at 12 months, with a concordance C-index of 0.884, and was highly significant overall χ 2 = 44.18, 8 df; P = 5 × 10 −7 .

Purifying selection is highly significant for all models ( P ≤ 5.0 × 10 −7 , Z-tests) (Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

In total, we found 27 genetic variants in VCAN that had highly significant associations ( p -value < 5 × 10 −7 ) with at least one of the 31 FA measures.

Eleven nominally significant SNPs were identified within four novel genomic loci, including variants in FRMD3 (p = 5.0 × 10 −7 ) and CARS ( p = 3.1 × 10 −6 ), which were also shown to contribute significantly to time needed to develop DKD ( FRMD3, p = 0.02 and CARS, p = 0.01) [ 54 ].

Among the significant SNPs, only 21 showed highly significant associations (P ≤ 5 x e-07), and these were with three traits, two production traits that are precise measurements (MILK and FAT) and the third trait which has subjective, but well defined measurements (ANG).

QC exclusion criteria for SNPs were genotype call rates <0.90, highly significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium ( P < 5 × 10 −7 ) and minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.005.

Adding a large excess of non-labeled affibody molecule resulted in a highly significant (p < 5 × 10 −7 ) reduction of cell-associated activity.

Eight additional gene-gene interactions were also marginally significant ( P < 5 × 10 –7 ).

In the two large UK control samples, for example, there was a highly significant ( p = 5 × 10 −7 , using an exact implementation of the Cochran–Armitage trend test) difference in allele frequencies between UK1 (recruited exclusively in Scotland) and UK2 (recruited throughout the UK), which made us consider the possibility that this variant showed variation in allele frequency along the south–north cline as previously described in the WTCCC study and others [ 16 , 23 – 26 ].

The PPI enrichment score was statistically highly significant P = 5.01 × 10 –7 indicating strong interaction.

When analyzing the results by APL1A allele, only the APL1A 2 allele displayed a consistent protective effect, because the global silencing of all APL1A alleles caused a highly significant increase of infection prevalence only among carriers of the APL1A 2 allele ( p = 5.07e-07; Table 1 ).

This reduction was highly significant (Welch’s t = 8.63, df = 14.16, p = 5.1 × 10 −7 ).

The first of these regions is located on chromosome 2 and includes nominally significant SCZ variant (top variant in PGC: rs10189857, p = 5.14 × 10 −7 ) 19 in an intron of BCL11A , and a T2D risk locus upstream of the same gene (top variant in DIAGRAMv3: rs243021, p = 3 × 10 −15 ) 46 .