Excerpts

In general information and interaction metrics, although intergroup differences in Video length and Likes showed marginal significance in the original analysis, they did not reach the statistical threshold after FDR correction ( P FDR >0.05).

Although not statistically significant, SV and CO showed a decreasing trend, while HR and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) showed an increasing trend following heart failure induction.

Overall, there is a clear trend toward integrating advanced time–frequency analysis, attention mechanisms, and deep learning architectures to make EEG systems more accurate, generalizable, and easier to interpret.

Firmicutes, often linked to lipid metabolism and promoted by lactic acid bacteria, showed a decreasing trend with higher EM doses, consistent with previous findings 20 .

The corresponding F-value was 2.01 (df = 6, 74) and p = .074, which, while not conventionally significant (α = 0.05), suggests a possible trend toward synergistic interaction.

The interaction between Cultural Familiarity and Language Proficiency was marginally significant, with Wilks’ Lambda = 0.867, Pillai’s Trace = 0.145, Hotelling’s Trace = 0.157, and Roy’s Largest Root = 1.014.

The Green Agriculture System Composite Development Index (B2) shows an increasing trend from 15.06 in 2011 to 16.13 in 2021.This growth is divided into two phases, a slow growth in the first phase (2011–2019) and a moderate growth in the second phase (2020–2021).

Despite the limited population size, our findings indicate an overall trend toward increasing GBS incidence over the 15-year period (2009–2024), consistent with trends reported across Northern and Western Europe (Fig. 1 ).

GBS incidence showed an increasing trend over the 15-year period, with the average annual incidence increasing from 3.69 (2009–2018) to 7.47 (2019–2024) per 100,000 population.

The results demonstrate a clear trend: an increase in rotational speed leads to a higher peak stress within the containment case and blades.

Consequently, genetic monitoring studies of rare and endangered plant species are urgently required in conservation 27 – 29 and highly significant to analyse changes of genetic diversity and differentiation in a conservation context.

Overall, the literature reveals a clear trend toward lightweight, interpretable, and high-performing CNN architectures.

In both NCCIT and NCCIT-R models, a decreasing trend in G1-phase cells was observed at 24 and 48 h, with a corresponding increase in the S-phase population.

However, this association was marginally significant after adjustment for all potential confounders (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16–1.02; P trend =0.07).

Sustainably sourced food is increasingly high on the agenda of consumers in countries including the UK, where there is an increasing trend towards plant-based diets 77 .

Whereas the interaction effect for knowledge of emotion regulation strategies was only marginally significant, the directional pattern of the coefficients was similar to that observed for emotion recognition.

In general, these papers demonstrate a definite trend: one-stage detectors, with the use of attention and feature fusion, achieve higher performance in classroom behavior detection than previous ones.

From the 2-class to the 6-class model, AIC, BIC, and SABIC all show a decreasing trend, while the log-likelihood value continues to rise. 4-class model performed well on key information criteria (AIC = 16544.48, BIC = 16606.42; SABIC = 16568.30; entropy = 0.87), indicating good classification certainty.

3 , show a clear trend: all compounds demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, but compounds 2 and 6 outperformed the rest significantly.

Effect of NP addition on BSFC showed a positive trend.

(2) Kernel density estimates uncover a clear trend of multipolar polarization, indicating widening inequalities.

Sisal, jute, and coir fibers exhibited a clear trend of decreasing composite strength as the fiber length was increased from 20 mm to 60 mm.

Water absorption FRCCs with varying GNP content revealed a decreasing trend in the WA results, as shown in Fig. 11 .

This association was attenuated to marginal significance after FDR correction at T3 and was absent at T1.

In contrast, a study in Ghana reported an unstable trend of adolescent pregnancies between 1988 and 2019, with an increasing trend over the past decade 16 .