Excerpts

Elemental Status Though, there was variable response of different Cr(VI) concentrations in soil on contents of N and S in hybrid Napier grass, but, in general, the Cr(VI) stress showed an increasing trend in N contents and decreasing trend in S content in root and shoot of the plant.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that nine out of the 10 targeted transcripts showed an increasing trend of expression, not only in LL, but also in the SL ( Figure 2 ).

Analysis of Variance for the Experimental Design Mean squares owing to parents, hybrids and parents versus hybrids were highly significant for all traits ( Table 1 ).

Most of the genes studied in this work showed a trend in their expression that might suggest a circadian control.

On the other hand, Alopecurus myosuroides and Stellaria media , which were stable since the 1970s, and Lamium purpureum showed a decreasing trend.

and Cynodon dactylon also showed an increasing trend in recent years.

While the emergence of native plants was compromised by the presence of invasive plants, we only found a weak trend for emergence of S. gigantea to reduce in communities with higher functional dispersion ( Supplementary File 1; Figure S1 ).

A significant trend was observed in the HBL foliar application and AMF inoculation after 30 and 40 days of salt treatments in both cultivars.

Originally developed to study differences in gene expression data in human disease studies [ 7 ], pathway analysis and association mapping have been used in medical research to find biological insights missed when focusing on only one or a few genes that have highly significant associations with a trait of interest [ 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].

STC relating to the photosynthetic gas exchange and stomata anatomical traits showed highly significant correlations with the mean of MFV and STC based on several morpho-physiological and biochemical traits.

The genes showed an overall trend of increases in expression, with slight changes in the first three stages of fruit granulation, and significant increases in the later stages.

An interesting trend was observed in the expression of some miRNAs (novelMiRNA_14412, novelMiRNA_18320, novelMiRNA_2226, novelMiRNA_4701, and novelMiRNA_4946) in that their abundance increased slightly after virus-free aphids sucked on the leaves and increased even more after BYDV infection.

However, particularly in high cropping years such as 2016, the fruit of SDI trees showed a trend towards a lower mean unitary size than the fruit of CTL and RDI trees ( Figure 3 A).

Within each varietal group, variation for more than 32 TA descriptors was observed to be highly significant for slightly flattened, rounded, high rounded, cylindrical, and pyriform varietal groups ( Table S1 ).

Also, the volume presented by the second-order lateral roots showed a higher value in the downslope and windward quadrant, although differences were scarcely significant.

Whereas, Chl a/b and carotenoid content showed the opposite tendency, the higher values were found in ‘ZH’, and the carotenoid contents between ‘SO’ and ‘ZH’ could reach highly significant level. 2.3.

Present results showed that the TSS content of the Newhall navel orange fruits had an increasing trend during the initial periods of the storage and after about 45 days of storage, it showed a decreasing trend which came to a lower point than the initial point for the control fruits ( Figure 2 A).

All of the studied factors, including cultivar (C), photoperiod (L), temperature (T), sowing date (D) and plant age (A) had a highly significant effect on plant height, fresh weight, pseudostem diameter, bulb characteristics (diameter, weight and height), bulbing index (BI) and growth period ( Table 1 and Table 2 ).

The expression of DlARF-2,-6,-11 showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, peaking in the November or December.

A number of international studies detail the critical importance of the plant microbiome to the ecology and success of the plant, and these microbial associations are also likely to be significant within P. colorata .

While highly significant, these are largely problems of aging in the developed world, but the vast majority of persons in mineral deficiency at-risk populations are primarily infants, children and women of child-bearing age of lower economic status in the developing world.

The results based on the previous markers indicated highly significant differences between Acacia species, confirming the hypothesis of the possibility of using morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in species identification.

2,19-oxymeliavosin 17 , which has weak activity with marginally significant selectivity for breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), has also been isolated from the root bark of M. volkensii [ 41 ].

In the present study, the NRE and N-PFP was decreased with higher N application rates, and there were extremely significant differences between N levels or cultivars ( Table 1 ).

Analysis of the two-factor classification variance (salt treatment, populations) showed highly significant effects of salt treatment, populations, and their interaction on the final germination percentage of all populations ( Table 2 ). 2.1.2.