Excerpts

Common traits across both groups : At the seedling stage, highly significant positive correlations were observed among SPH, SSD, and SCS.

In the 0–20 cm soil layer, compared with T0, R 0.25 and MWD of T1 and T2 were significantly increased by 13.71% and 23.21% (R 0.25 ), 20.92% and 34.29% (MWD); GMD showed an increasing trend, and it was increased by 48.63% significantly.

In contrast, root TP remained relatively stable and showed a decreasing trend across stages.

HLQE and the remaining compounds exhibited a decreasing trend that did not reach statistical significance. 2.6.

[ 18 ] examined the temperate coniferous forests of Kalam, Pakistan, and they reported a decreasing trend in the plant carbon storage across functional groups with increasing elevation that peaked within the mid- to low-elevation zones.

Pearson correlation analysis revealed a highly significant negative relationship between Gram-positive (G + ) and Gram-negative (G − ) bacteria ( Figure 7 B).

aquaticum exhibited a decreasing trend with the progressive increase in stress intensity ( Figure 4 ).

In contrast, the levels of DHJA ( Figure 5 d) and mannose ( Figure 5 e) displayed a decreasing trend over time in both genotypes under salt stress.

Regarding stem diameter, except for AL and DF310, the other four cultivars (ZM3, ZL2, QJ, and GN4) showed a decreasing trend under DS, with reductions of 15.75% (ZM3), 46.42% (ZL2), 14.19% (QJ), and 36.19% (GN4).

In most of our samples, as well as in the average values, a clear trend in biflavonoid concentrations was observed: amentoflavone < bilobetin < ginkgetin < isoginkgetin < sciadopitysin, which is consistent with literature data [ 14 , 28 ].

Moreover, CM17-2 exhibited highly significant differences from B73 in plant height, internode length, and ear height, and a significant difference in stem diameter.

Despite the absence of an overall trend, substantial variability was observed among clones, suggesting strong genotype-specific responses.

The Pearson correlation analysis in this study showed positive and highly significant associations between the vegetative variables, highlighting the codependency between LW and LL (r = 0.99), as well as of the PH with the LL (r = 0.94) and the LW (r = 0.94) ( Figure 1 ).

We verified that the heartwood diameter growth rate shows an increasing trend throughout the stand’s development.

Both observed and simulated values showed a decreasing trend with increasing irrigation-water salinity (I0–I4).

In recent years, with the expansion of sugarcane planting scale and the frequent circulation of seedlings, SCWLD has shown an increasing trend of occurrence on Hainan Island, posing a serious threat to the sugarcane industry.

viticola infection, photosynthetic parameters of grapevines are significantly inhibited, manifested as marked decreases in net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) and transpiration rate ( T r ), while intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) shows an increasing trend [ 26 ].

mandshurica showed an increasing trend with water supply, although the differences were not significant.

Regarding BC-MEAN, marker 26584774 emerged as highly significant, with a p -value of 8.89 × 10 −5 and a robust MarkerR 2 of 0.19, explaining the highest genetic variance observed in this dataset (12.5%).

Under future climate scenarios, the distribution pattern showed an overall trend of northward contraction and northeastward migration ( Figure 6 ).

The QTP has already experienced an earlier and faster warming process, which is expected to continue at an accelerated pace in the future [ 4 , 5 ], with the regional climate exhibiting a marked trend towards warmer and wetter conditions [ 6 , 7 ].

Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the overlap in the potential distribution of the three dominant species in alpine meadows exhibits an increasing trend from southeast to northwest.

Additionally, the expression of this gene exhibited an increasing trend along with the growth and development of the mesocotyl in both accessions ( Figure 1 E).

Specifically, in 2024, the C × S interaction had significant effects on Pn across the three phenological stages ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); in 2025, although the interaction effect on Pn was less pronounced, the main factors (C and S) consistently showed highly significant impacts.

This strict homeostatic buffering of the aspartate substrate pool contrasts sharply with asparagine (Asn), which showed a highly significant increase exclusively driven by the nitrogen source independent of the variety.