Excerpts

The results showed that HuSWEET5 , HuSWEET14 , and HuSWEET21 showed a trend of upward and then downward expression under the treatment of exogenous ABA hormone ( Figure 8 ), and HuSWEET12 showed a trend of downward expression.

The weight, root length, and plant height of low-temperature-stressed in vitro pitaya seedlings grew only 0.086 g, 3.398 cm, and 0.416 cm on average, whereas the control grew about 1.318 g, 0.09 cm, and 0.03 cm on average ( Figure 10 ); the differences were highly significant ( p -values of 0.000488875, 0.0000510821, and 0.00546807, all < 0.01).

The accumulation of NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N within the 0~60 cm soil layer showed a declining trend with increasing irrigation lower limit and an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application amount in both 2021 and 2022 ( Figure 4 ).

Alkaline Protease At the 0–15 cm soil depth ( Figure 3 A), both the irrigation method ( p < 0.001) and phosphorus (P) application ( p < 0.01) had a highly significant effect on soil alkaline protease activity.

Under micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation (I2), PUE demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing phosphorus application rates, with values of 0.88 kg·kg −1 for P1, 0.65 kg·kg −1 for P2, and 0.52 kg·kg −1 for P3.

Under the same irrigation method, as P application increased, the P concentrations in roots, leaves, and grains showed an increasing trend.

Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mean weight diameter (MWD), water-stable macroaggregate content (R 0.25 ), and a positive correlation between alkaline-dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon content, and aggregate stability indicators.

In this experiment, both the bulk density and total porosity of the soil treated with biochar showed a trend of gradually improving with the increase in the amount of biochar ( Figure 2 ).

CAT activity showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and at stage S2, the CAT activity of ‘Xiang Yun’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Hong Ye’.

The malondialdehyde content of ‘Xiang Yun’ remains at a relatively low level throughout the development process, showing an overall trend of first slowly rising and then slowly falling.

The a* values were negative and showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the green color deepened over time.

Notably, we observed an increasing trend in the total biflavonoid content from May to November for all biflavonoids except amentoflavone, which followed a distinct pattern.

The response curve for bio17 (precipitation of the driest quarter), which has the highest contribution rate, shows a sharp increase in its contribution rate to 0.0249 when the precipitation of the driest quarter exceeds 158.2 mm, peaking at 171.7 mm, and then fluctuating with a decreasing trend, reaching 0.4817 at 191.0 mm.

riparium at temperatures above the temperature threshold, it still maintained a positive trend.

Because of this, screening salt-tolerant wheat germplasm using morphological indices is more practically significant.

However, when the graphene addition exceeded the optimal level, shrub biomass showed a decreasing trend with increasing graphene concentration.

Over the past decade, ecological restoration measures, such as reforestation and grassland restoration, have led to a positive trend of “overall improvement and accelerated improve” in the management of desertified land.

The integration of remote-sensing technology into crop monitoring represents a significant trend in contemporary agriculture.

The following symbols were used to indicate significance levels: * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01 (strongly significant), *** for p < 0.001 (very strongly significant), and **** for p < 0.0001 (extremely significant).

Among them, there were 211 pairs of phenotypic traits with highly significant or significant correlations among different traits, 169 pairs with a positive correlations, and 42 pairs with negative correlations.

The MA content displayed a decreasing trend, which deviated from the study’s findings.

Additionally, seven FvLAC genes ( FvLAC55 , FvLAC41 , FvLAC25 , FvLAC52 , FvLAC28 , FvLAC56 , FvLAC50 ) showed a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease, most with a peaking time at 4 h.

In addition, CAT activity in the rice roots showed an increasing trend under low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L) of AgNPs exposure, but there were no significant differences with the control ( Figure 8 J).

A positive trend rate indicates that climate change or human activities improve the RSEI, while a negative trend rate indicates they decrease the RSEI.

Overall, the proportion of the area classified as Poor demonstrated an increasing trend throughout the study period, while the Fair level exhibited a decreasing trend.