Excerpts

The distribution of patients across plasma 25(OH)D groups (deficient, optimal) presented a borderline significant difference ( p = 0.05) between case and control groups with higher distribution of patients with autoimmune diseases in deficient vitamin D group.

This difference between the experimental and the control group was borderline significant (OR 3.54, P = 0.05, 95% CI 0.97–12.59), indicating that implementation intentions might have had a positive effect on the number of participants with vitamin D at home. 3.4.

The aril treatments showed a significant trend ( p < 0.05) of attenuating the induced oxidative stress ( Figure 4 B).

A significant trend of decreasing risk for early AMD with increased consumption of cereal fiber ( p = 0.05) and breads and grains ( p = 0.03) was found ( Figure 3 ).

Q2 (models 1 and 2) were borderline significant ( p > 0.05 and p < 0.09).

As shown in Figure 3 A, the 20 M-HP group crossed the platform the most times, 6.39 ± 0.46, which was a significant increase of 47.15% compared with the 20 M-C group of 4.32 ± 0.56 ( p < 0.05); the 16 M-HP group crossed the platform the most times, 5.31 ± 0.78, which was a highly significant increase compared with the 16 M-C group of 2.06 ± 0.34 ( p < 0.05), 157.77% ( p < 0.01); and the 9 M-HP group traversed the platform 4.95 ± 0.89 times with a highly significant improvement of 150% ( p < 0.01) over that of 9 M-C of 1.98 ± 0.14.

The pooled MD between the experimental and control groups was −1.57 (95% CI: −3.16, 0.02), with a marginally non-significant overall effect ( Z = 1.94, p = 0.05).

Marginally significant interaction was found between total vitamin C and vitamin C supplementation ( p = 0.05). 3.2.

However, for CHD death, the pooled effect size showed a marginally significant ( p = 0.05) 7% reduction in CHD death for the n-3 PUFA intervention groups, an outcome which included sudden cardiac death, deaths due to ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure in patients with CHD, as well as deaths occurring after coronary revascularization or heart transplant.

However, the 2% papain with the highest ACE-inhibitory activity still produced highly significant ( p < 0.05) SBP reductions, especially after 4 h (−30.5 ± 0.7 mmHg).

There was a trend towards an increase in the proportion of patients classified as sarcopenic; however, this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.4, 95%CI = [1.0, 6.0]; p = 0.05).

When two groups were defined a posteriori based on the insulin values of LDIGIT (120–150 min) , there was a borderline significant group by time interaction for PAI-1 ( p = 0.05; n = 49) and the change in PAI-1 was greater in the insulin-resistant group (177, 61 for HMD vs. 128, 52 ng/mL for HWD; p < 0.001) than in the insulin-sensitive group (137, 80 for HMD vs. 113, 39 ng/mL for HWD; p = 0.02).

Although the LGG group presented lower absolute levels of MPO, their levels did not reach statistical significance as compared to the DSS-vehicle treated group ( p < 0.05).

Evidence Classification and Quality Assessment Each unique association that was nominally significant ( p -value < 0.05) was classified as strong evidence (Class I), highly suggestive evidence (Class II), suggestive evidence (Class III) or weak associations (Class IV), with regard to epidemiological validity criteria ( Table S2 ) [ 21 ].

included 33 participants, and even with this sample size, the between-group differences were only barely significant ( p < 0.05).

For all five cytokines assessed, there were no significant effects of age, though there was a strong trend for an increase with age in TNFα (F (1,27) = 4.05, p = 0.05; p > 0.24 for all others).

After false discovery rate ( FDR ) correction, pathway enrichment analyses for genes harboring nominally significant ( p < 0.05) probes identified 44 significant pathways ( q < 0.05), and 5 pathways were related to lipid metabolism.

The result showed AST had marginally significant effect on SBP reduction (MD = −4.15; 95% CI = −8.34, 0.04; I 2 = 0%; p = 0.05; Figure 4 ).

The GLM results indicated that e-nutrition literacy had a strong and borderline significant main effect on positive nutrition attitudes (β = 5.588, p = 0.050), suggesting that individuals with high e-nutrition literacy scored on average 5.59 points higher in positive nutrition attitudes compared to those with lower levels.

Users of these products were more likely to agree that they provide adequate protein (mean = 2.6; 95% CI: 2.4–2.8) compared to non-users (mean = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8–2.6), with the results showing marginal significance ( p = 0.05).

For mean arousal ratings, there was a marginally significant main effect of distractor category, F (1,32) = 4.17, p = 0.050, with high-calorie food stimuli being rated as significantly more arousing than neutral stimuli.

Notably, the study concluded that glycaemic response could be predicted independently using microbiome data and demonstrated highly significant interpersonal variation of glycaemic responses to both interventions ( p < 0.05), reinforcing previous findings that metabolic responses to food are interpersonal and vary significantly between individuals [ 19 ].

The odds ratio showed an increasing trend with longer follow-up periods (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.36–2.13; p ≤ 0.05 at ≤1 month, OR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.50–2.32; p ≤ 0.05 at ≤3 months, OR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.90–2.75; p ≤ 0.05 at ≤4 months, OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.99–2.91; p ≤ 0.05 at ≤6 months, OR = 2.50; 95% CI 2.11–2.97; p ≤ 0.05 at ≤1 year).

Likewise, differences between men and women in fluid choice did not reach statistical significance (chi-square test of independence, p = 0.05).

After adjustment, the associations between FTO and baseline BMI remained borderline significant ( p = 0.050).