Excerpts

Highly significant associations with r-values above 0.4 independent of the way intake was calculated were only found for docosahexaenoic acid.

They also found a significant rise in creatinine in the intervention group which was borderline significant in the between-groups difference.

We observed a clear trend of increased levels of the adipogenic markers, namely Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 as well as a significant increase in the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and a reduction in the levels of insulin-induced gene 1.

The absolute value of PPH increased from 11.50 mV to 21.37 mV after D-xylose modification ( Table 4 ), which may be due to the structural changes in PPH after glycosylation modification, and the internal charge of the PPH-M migrated to the surface, leading to the increase in the charge amount, that is, the potential value showed a decreasing trend [ 47 ].

For MTP, IRS values also showed a marked reduction: −54.1% in DE2 ( p = 0.0008) and −23.8% in DE4 ( p = 0.0514), the latter showing a trend toward significance.

While the differences in food and water intake were not statistically significant, a decreasing trend in food consumption in the LBTE-treated groups suggests a possible influence of LBTE on appetite.

Remarkably highly significant positive bidirectional associations in both patients and controls were revealed for energy density, free sugar, non-milk extrinsic sugars, and sucrose.

The reality, however, is that excessively large samples can lead to statistically significant results that may not be practically significant [ 11 , 12 ].

In this study, the inclusion helps interpret associations such as those between dietary habits and DMFT/dmft indices more accurately, particularly in borderline significance cases.

Instead, interpretation of p -values was made with caution, particularly for marginally significant results (e.g., p -values close to 0.05), and supported by effect size estimates and CIs.

On the other hand, a comparative study revealed more promising results: propolis tablets showed a trend toward superiority over conventional triple therapy (colloidal bismuth subsalicylate combined with amoxicillin and famotidine) in terms of H. pylori eradication, suggesting that optimizing propolis formulations or combining it with other medications may be effective strategies to enhance its clinical efficacy [ 119 , 120 , 121 ]. 4.5.

While d18:0-DHHexCer exhibited significant downregulation of C16:0 and C20:0 side chains ( Figure 3 C), d18:1-HexCer showed a marked increase in the N -acyl C14:0 content accompanied by a clear trend toward elevated levels of C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, and C22:0 ( Figure 3 D), alongside decreases in C24:0 and C24:1.

Likewise, the corn cereal group demonstrated a decreasing trend in GQ values from baseline (85.39 ± 11.98) to post-intervention (78.26 ± 12.42), although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.060).

Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels showed a decreasing trend in both groups, although the changes were moderate.

Although there was a positive trend in improved hydration habits and increased physical activity, no significant changes in adherence to the MD were observed after six months.

At T1, a favorable trend was observed in the decreasing prevalence of children who did not enjoy any physical activity, while the number of children who enjoy planned physical activity increased.

According to the dose–response curve, green tea intake and duration showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing liver cancer risk ( Figure S3 ). 3.4.

Data from clinical studies have shown that postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) show a significant trend toward a decrease in the degree of insulin resistance and cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus [ 3 ].

Among the remaining sensitivity analyses, the reduction in LDL-C:HDL-C was significant or nearly significant, except for when strata in which the baseline LDL-C level was optimal were pooled; when strata in which some or all subjects were taking lipid-lowering medications were pooled; and when strata from lower quality studies were pooled.

Between 6 and 60 months, these foods groups remained predominant in the children’s diet, with an increasing trend observed in the consumption of legumes and nuts and fruits and vegetables (not rich in vitamin A) ( Figure 4 ).

Moreover, the associations reported are modest and often borderline significant and should be interpreted with caution.

A notable trend is observed regarding ceramide species in MASLD.

In one small single-arm interventional study of 32 pancreatic cancer patients [ 57 ], parenteral nutritional support (median 18 weeks) resulted in a positive trend of median BMI by 0.8 kg/m 2 , increased phase angle by 10%, or ECM/BCM index (ratio of extracellular mass to body cell mass) with an increase in all three parameters in 9 patients (28%).

Importantly, the potential for sex-specific differences in the association between TC and mortality remains underexplored, although some evidence suggests that these differences may be significant.

By day 84, most associations attenuated, although fiber and EPA + DHA still exhibited modest differences near significance thresholds.